Strasbourg, 15 September 2005 CEPEJ (2005) 2 REV 2

EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR THE EFFICIENCY OF JUSTICE

(CEPEJ)

REVISED SCHEME FOR EVALUATING JUDICIAL SYSTEMS

adopted by the CEPEJ at its 5^th Plenary Meeting (Strasbourg, 15 – 17 June 2005) and

approved by the Committee of Ministers on 7 September 2005

(936^th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies)

Contents

I. Demographic and economic data.......................................................................................... p. 3

I. A. General information................................................................................................. p. 3

I. B. Budgetary data concerning judicial system............................................................... p. 3

II. Access to Justice and to all courts....................................................................................... p. 5

II. A. Legal aid................................................................................................................ p. 5

II.B. Users of the courts and victims................................................................................ p. 6

II.B.1. Rights of the users and victims................................................................. p. 6

II.B.2. Confidence of citizens in their justice system............................................. p. 8

III. Organisation of the court system......................................................................................... p. 9

III.A. Functioning............................................................................................................ p. 9

III.B. Monitoring and evaluation..................................................................................... p. 13

IV. Fair trial............................................................................................................................. p. 15

IV.A. Fundamental principles......................................................................................... p. 15

IV.B. Timeframes of proceedings.................................................................................. p. 16

IV.B.1. General................................................................................................. p. 16

IV.B.2. Civil and administrative cases................................................................ p. 17

IV.B.3. Criminal cases....................................................................................... p. 18

V. Career of judges and prosecutors....................................................................................... p. 20

V.A. Appointment and training...................................................................................... p. 20

V.B. Practice of the profession..................................................................................... p. 22

V.C. Disciplinary procedures......................................................................................... p. 23

VI. Lawyers............................................................................................................................. p. 24

VII. Alternative Dispute Resolution.......................................................................................... p. 27

VIII. Enforcement of court decisions....................................................................................... p. 29

VIII.A. Execution of decisions in civil matters................................................................. p. 29

VII.B. Enforcement of decisions in criminal matters........................................................ p. 31

IX. Notaries............................................................................................................................. p. 32

REVISED SCHEME FOR EVALUATING JUDICIAL SYSTEMS

COUNTRY:

National correspondent

First Name – Name

Position

Organisation

E-mail

Telephone

I. Demographic and economic data

I. A. General information

Number of inhabitants

Source

Total of annual State public expenditure / where appropriate, public expenditure at regional or federal entity level

State level €

Regional / entity level €

Source

Per capita GDP €

Source

Average gross annual salary €

Source

I. B. Budgetary data concerning judicial system

Total annual budget allocated to all courts €

Source

Please specify:

Within this budget, can you isolate the following budgets and specify, if appropriate, their amount:

Yes Amount

Salaries? €

IT? €

Justice expenses borne

by the State? €

Source

Annual public budget spent on legal aid €

Source

If possible, please specify:

the annual public budget spent

on legal aid in criminal cases €

the annual public budget spent

on legal aid in other court cases €

Source

Annual public budget spent on prosecution system €

Source

Bodies formally responsible for budgets allocated to the courts:

	Preparation of the budget (Yes/No)	Adoption of the budget (Yes/No)	Management and allocation of the budget among courts (Yes/No)	Evaluation of the use of the budget (Yes/No)
Ministry of Justice
Other ministry. Please specify
Parliament
Supreme Court
Judicial Council
Courts
Inspection body. Please specify.
Other. Please specify

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your budgetary system

II. Access to Justice and to all courts

II. A. Legal aid

Does legal aid concern:

	Criminal cases	Other than criminal cases
Representation in court (Yes/No)
Legal advice (Yes/No)
Other (Yes/No). Please specify

Number of legal aid cases:

total

criminal cases

other than criminal cases

Source

In a criminal case, can any individual who does not have sufficient financial means be assisted by a free of charge (or financed by public budget) lawyer?

Yes No

Does your country have an income and asset test for granting legal aid:

No Yes/Amount

for criminal cases?

for other than criminal cases?

Source

In other than criminal cases, is it possible to refuse legal aid for lack of merit of the case (for example for frivolous action)?

Yes No

If yes, is the decision taken by: Yes

the court?

a body external to the court?

a mixed decision-making body (court and external)?

In general are litigants required to pay a court tax or fee to start a proceeding at a court of general jurisdiction:

Yes No

for criminal cases?

for other than criminal cases?

If yes, are there exceptions?Please specify:

Is there a private system of legal expense insurance for individuals in order to finance legal proceedings to court?

Yes Please specify:

Do judicial decisions have an impact on who bears the legal costs which are paid by the parties during the procedure in:

Yes No

criminal cases?

other than criminal cases?

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your legal aid system

II. B. Users of the courts and victims

II. B. 1. Rights of the users and victims

Are there official internet sites/portals (e.g. Ministry of Justice, etc.) for the following, which the general public may have free of charge access to:

Yes No

legal texts (e.g. codes, laws, regulations, etc.)?

Internet address(es):

case-law of the higher court/s?

Internet address(es):

other documents (for examples legal forms)?

Internet address(es):

Is there an obligation to provide information to the parties concerning the foreseeable timeframe of the proceeding?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

Is there a public and free-of-charge specific information system to inform and to help victims of crimes?

Yes No

Are there special arrangements to be applied, during judicial proceedings, to the following categories of vulnerable persons:

	Information mechanism (Yes/No)	Hearing modalities (Yes/No)	Procedural rights (Yes/No)	Other (Yes/No). Please specify
Victims of rape
Victims of terrorism
Child/Witness/ Victim
Victims of domestic violence
Ethnic minorities
Disabled persons
Juvenile offenders
Other

Does your country have compensation procedure for victims of crimes?

Yes No

If yes, does this compensation procedure consist in:

Yes

a public fund?

a court order?

private fund?

If yes, which kind of cases does this procedure concern?

For victims, are there studies to evaluate the recovery rate of the compensation awarded by courts?

Yes Please specify:

II. B.2. Confidence of citizens in their justice system

Is there a system for compensating users in the following circumstances:

Yes No

excessive length of proceedings?

wrongful arrest?

wrongful condemnation?

If yes, please specify (fund, daily tariff):

Does your country have surveys on users or legal professionals (judges, lawyers, officials, etc.) to measure public trust and satisfaction with the services delivered by the judiciary system?

Yes No

If possible, please specify their titles, how to find these surveys, etc:

If yes, please specify:

	Trough systematic surveys (Yes/No)	Through ad hoc surveys (Yes/No)
Surveys at national level
Surveys at court level

Is there a national or local procedure for making complaints about the performance of the judicial system?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

	Time limit to respond (Yes/No)	Time limit for dealing with the complaint (Yes/No)
Court concerned
Higher court
Ministry of Justice
High Council of Justice
Other external organisations (e.g. Ombudsman)

Can you give information elements concerning the efficiency of this complaint procedure?

III. Organisation of the court system

III. A. Functioning

Total number of courts (administrative structure):

first instance courts of general jurisdiction

Source

specialised first instance courts

Source

Please specify the different areas of specialisation (and, if possible, the number of courts concerned):

Total number of courts(geographic locations)

Source

Number of first instance courts competent for a case concerning:

a debt collection for small claims

Please specify what is meant by small claims in your country:

a dismissal

a robbery

Number of professional judges sitting in courts

(present the information in full time equivalent and for permanent posts)

Source

Number of professional judges sitting in courts on an occasional basis and who are paid as such:

gross figure

if possible, in full time equivalent

Source

Please specify:

Number of non-professional judges (including lay judges) who are not remunerated but who can possibly receive a simple defrayal of costs

Source

Please specify:

Does your judicial system include trial by jury with the participation of citizens?

Yes For which type of case(s)?

If possible, number of citizens who were involved in such juries for the year 2004?

Number of non-judge staff who are working in courts

(present the information in full time equivalent and for permanent posts)

Source

If possible, could you distribute this staff according to the 3 following categories:

non-judge staff whose task is to assist the judges (case file preparation, assistance during the hearing, keeping the minutes of the meetings, helping to prepare the decisions) such as registrars:

staff in charge of different administrative tasks as well as of the management of the courts (human resources management, material and equipment management, including computer systems, financial and budgetary management, training management):

technical staff:

In courts, do you have non-judge staff entrusted with judicial or quasi-judicial tasks having autonomous competence and whose decisions could be subject to appeal (such as German and Austrian Rechtspfleger):

Yes Number of staff

Number of public prosecutors

(present the information in full time equivalent and for permanent posts)

Source

Do you have persons who have similar duties as public prosecutors?

Yes Please specify:

Is the status of prosecutors:

Yes

independent within the judiciary?

independent from the judiciary ?

under the authority of the Ministry of Justice?

Number of staff (non prosecutors) attached to the public prosecution service

(present the information in full time equivalent and for permanent posts)

Source

Who is entrusted with the individual court budget?

	Preparation of the budget (Yes/No)	Arbitration and allocation (Yes/No)	Day to day management of the budget (Yes/No)	Evaluation and control of the use of the budget (Yes/No)
Management Board
Court President
Court administrative director
Head of the court clerk office
Other. Please specify

In general, do the courts in your country have computer facilities?

Yes No

What are the computer facilities used within the courts?

Functions	Facilities	100% of courts	+50% of courts	-50% of courts	- 10 % of courts
Direct assistance to the judge/court clerk	Word processing
	Electronic data base of jurisprudence
	Electronic files
	E-mail
	Internet connection
Administration and management	Case registration system
	Court management information system
	Financial information system
Communication between the court and the parties	Electronic forms
	Special Website
	Other electronic communication facilities

Source

Is there a centralised institution which is responsible for collecting statistical data regarding the functioning of the courts and judiciary?

Yes Please specify the name and the address of this institution:

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your judicial system

III. B. Monitoring and evaluation

Are the courts required to prepare an annual activity report?

Yes No

Do you have a regular monitoring system of court activities concerning the:

Yes No

number of incoming cases?

number of decisions?

number of postponed cases?

length of proceedings?

other?

Please specify:

Do you have a regular evaluation system of the performance of the court?

Yes Please specify:

Concerning court activities, have you defined:

performance indicators? Yes No

Please specify the 4 main indicators for a proper functioning of justice:

targets? Yes No

Please specify who is responsible for setting the targets:

Yes

- executive power?

- legislative power?

- judicial power?

- other? Please specify:

Please specify the main objectives applied:

Source

Which authority is responsible for the evaluation of the performances of the courts:

Yes

the High Council of judiciary?

the Ministry of justice?

an Inspection body?

the Supreme Court?

an external audit body?

other? Please specify:

Does the evaluation system include quality standards concerning judicial decisions?

Yes Please specify:

Source

Is there a system enabling to measure the backlogs and to detect the cases which are not processed within an acceptable timeframe for:

Yes No

civil cases?

criminal cases?

administrative cases?

Do you have a way of analysing queuing time during court procedures?

Yes Please specify:

Do you monitor and evaluate the performance of the prosecution services?

Yes Please specify:

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your court monitoring and evaluation system

IV. Fair trial

IV. A. Fundamental principles

Is there in your judicial system:

a right for an interpreter for all those within your jurisdiction who cannot understand or speak the language used in court?

Yes No

the right to have reasons given for all prisons sentences?

Yes No

for all cases, an effective remedy to a superior jurisdiction?

Yes No

Which is the percentage of judgements in first instance criminal cases in which the suspect is not actually present or represented?

Source

Is there a procedure to effectively challenge a judge if a party consider he/she is not impartial?

Yes If possible, number of successful challenges (in a year):

Please give the following data 2003 and 2004 concerning the number of cases regarding the violation of Article 6 of the European Convention of Human Rights:

		Cases communicated by the Court		Cases declared inadmissible by the Court		Friendly settlements		Judgements establishing a violation		Judgements establishing a non violation
		2003	2004	2003	2004	2003	2004	2003	2004	2003	2004
Criminal proceedings	Article 6§1 (equity)
	Article 6§1 (duration)
	Article 6§2
	Article 6§3a
	Article 6§3b
	Article 6§3c
	Article 6§3d
	Article 6§3e
Civil proceedings	Article 6§1 (equity)
	Article 6§1 (duration)
	Article 6§1 (non execution only)

Source

IV.B. Timeframes of proceedings

IV. B. 1. General

Are there specific procedures for urgent matters in:

Yes No

civil cases?

criminal cases?

administrative cases?

Are there simplified procedures for:

Yes No

civil cases (small claims)?

criminal cases (petty offences)?

administrative cases?

Is it possible for a second instance court to send back a case to a first instance court for a new examination?

Yes No

Do courts and lawyers have the possibility to conclude agreements on modalities for processing cases (presentation of files, binding timeframes for lawyers to submit their conclusions and dates of hearings)?

Yes Please specify:

IV. B. 2. Civil and administrative cases

Total number of civil cases in courts (litigious and not litigious):

Please specify the main types of cases:

Source

Litigious administrative and civil cases in courts – please complete this table concerning the number of cases/length of proceedings/pending cases and specify definitions of incoming cases, starting and ending point of length and pending cases:

		Civil cases	Administrative cases	Divorce	Employment dismissal
Total number (1st instance)	Incoming cases
	Decisions on the merits
	Percentage of decisions subject to appeal in a higher court
	Pending cases by 1 January 2005
	Percentage of pending cases of more than 3 years
Average length (from date of lodging of court proceedings*)	1st instance decisions
	2nd instance decisions
	Total procedure

* If you cannot calculate the average length from the date of lodging of court proceedings, how do you calculate length of proceedings?

Where appropriate, please specify the specific procedure as regards divorce:

Source

IV. B. 3. Criminal cases

Please describe the role and powers of the prosecutor in the criminal procedure:

Yes No

to conduct or supervise police investigation?

to conduct investigation?

when necessary, to demand investigation

measures from the judge?

to charge?

to present the case in the court?

to propose a sentence to the judge?

to appeal?

to supervise enforcement procedure?

to end the case by dropping it without the

need for a judicial decision?

to end the case by imposing or negotiating

a penalty without a judicial decision?

other significant powers?

Please specify:

Does the prosecutor also have a role in civil and/or administrative cases?

Yes Please specify:

Functions of the public prosecutor in relation to criminal cases– please complete this table:

		Total number of 1st instance criminal cases
Received by the public prosecutor
Discontinued by the public prosecutor	In general
	Because the offender could not be identified
	Due to the lack of an established offence or a specific legal situation
Concluded by a penalty, imposed or negotiated by the public prosecutor
Charged by the public prosecutor before the courts

Source

Criminal cases in courts – please complete this table concerning the number of cases/length of proceedings/pending cases and specify definitions of incoming cases, starting and ending point of length and pending cases:

		Criminal cases	Robbery cases	Intentional homicides
Total number (1st instance)	Incoming cases
	Judicial decisions
	Convicted persons
	Acquitted persons
	Percentage of decisions subject to appeal in a higher court
	Pending cases by 1 January 2005
	Percentage of pending cases of more than 3 years
Average length*(from the date of official charging)	1st instance decision
	2nd instance decision
	Total procedure

* If you cannot calculate the average length from the date of official charging, how do you calculate length of proceedings?

Source

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your system concerning timeframes of proceedings

V. Career of judges and prosecutors

V. A. Appointment and training

Are judges initially/at the beginning of their carrier recruited and nominated by:

Yes

a body composed of members of the judiciary?

a body composed of members external to the judiciary?

a body composed of members of the judiciary and

external to the judiciary?

Are prosecutors initially/at the beginning of their carrier recruited and nominated by:

Yes

a body composed of members of the prosecution system?

a body composed of members external to the prosecution

system?

a body composed of members of the prosecution system

and external to the prosecution system?

Is the mandate given for an undetermined period for:

Yes No

judges?

prosecutors?

Are there exceptions ? Please specify:

If no, what is the length of the mandate: Is it renewable?

Yes No

of judges?

of prosecutors?

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of the selection and nomination procedure of judges and prosecutors

Nature of the training of judges:

	Compulsion (Yes/No)	Frequency (Yes/No)
Initial training	Compulsory
	Highly recommended
	Optional
General in-service training	Compulsory	Annual
	Highly recommended	Regular
	Optional	Occasional
In-service training for specialised functions (e.g. judge for economic or administrative issues)	Compulsory	Annual
	Highly recommended	Regular
	Optional	Occasional
In-service training for specific functions (e.g. head of court)	Compulsory	Annual
	Highly recommended	Regular
	Optional	Occasional

Nature of the training of prosecutors:

	Compulsion (Yes/No)	Frequency (Yes/No)
Initial training	Compulsory
	Highly recommended
	Optional
General in-service training	Compulsory	Annual
	Highly recommended	Regular
	Optional	Occasional
Specialised in-service training	Compulsory	Annual
	Highly recommended	Regular
	Optional	Occasional

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of of your training system for judges and prosecutors

V. B. Practice of the profession

Gross annual salary of a first instance professional judge at the beginning of his/her career €

Source

Gross annual salary of a judge of the Supreme Court or of the highest appellate court €

Source

Gross annual salary of a public prosecutor at the beginning of his/her career

€

Source

Gross annual salary of a public prosecutor of the Supreme Court or of the highest appellate court €

Source

Do judges and public prosecutors have additional benefits?

	Judges (Yes/No)	Public prosecutors (Yes/No)
Reduced taxation
Special pension
Housing
Other financial benefit (If yes, please specify)

Can judges or prosecutors combine their work with any of the following other professions?

	Judges			Prosecutors
	Yes with remuneration	Yes without remuneration	No	Yes with remuneration	Yes without remuneration	No
Teaching
Research and publication
Arbitrator
Consultant
Cultural function
Other function to specify

Do judges receive bonus based on the fulfilment of quantitative objectives relating to the delivering of judgments?

Yes Please specify:

V. C. Disciplinary procedures

Types of disciplinary proceedings and sanctions against judges and prosecutors:

		Judges	Prosecutors
Reasons for disciplinary procedures	Total number
	Breach of professional ethics (Yes/No) If yes, please specify the number
	Professional inadequacy (Yes/No) If yes, please specify the number
	Criminal offence (Yes/No) If yes, please specify the number
	Other (Yes/No) If yes, please specify
Types of sanctions	Total number
	Reprimand (Yes/No) If yes, please specify the number
	Suspension (Yes/No) If yes, please specify the number
	Dismissal (Yes/No) If yes, please specify the number
	Fine (Yes/No) If yes, please specify the number
	Other (Yes/No) If yes, please specify

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your system concerning disciplinary procedures for judges and prosecutors

VI. Lawyers

Number of lawyers practising in your country

Source

Does this figure include legal advisors (solicitors or in-house counsellor) who cannot represent their clients in court?

Yes No

Do lawyers have a monopoly of representation:

	Monopoly (Yes/No)	If no, possible representation by (Yes/No)
Civil cases*		Member of family
		Trade Union
		NGO
		Other
Criminal cases*	Defendant	Member of family
		Trade Union
		NGO
		Other
	Victim	Member of family
		Trade Union
		NGO
		Other
Administrative cases*		Member of family
		Trade Union
		NGO
		Other

* If appropriate, please specify if it concerns first instance and appeal.

Is the lawyer profession organised through?

Yes

a national bar?

a regional bar?

a local bar?

Please specify:

Is there a specific initial training or examination to enter the profession of lawyer?

Yes No

Is there a mandatory general system for lawyers requiring continuing professional development?

Yes No

Is the specialisation in some legal fields tied with a specific level of training/ qualification/ specific diploma or specific authorisations?

Yes Please specify:

Can users establish easily what the lawyers’ fees will be?

Yes No

Are lawyers fees:

Yes

regulated by law?

regulated by Bar association?

freely negotiated?

Have quality standards been formulated for lawyers?

Yes No

If yes, who is responsible for formulating these quality standards:

Yes

the bar association?

the legislature?

other? Please specify:

Is it possible to complain about :

the performance of lawyers? No

Yes Please specify:

the amount of fees? Yes No

Disciplinary proceedings and sanctions against lawyers:

	Yes /No (If yes, please specify the annual number)
Reasons for disciplinary proceedings	Breach of professional ethics
	Professional inadequacy
	Criminal offence
	Other
	Other
Type of sanctions	Reprimand
	Suspension
	Removal
	Fine
	Other

Who is the authority responsible for the disciplinary procedures:

Yes

a professional body? Please specify:

the judge?

the Ministry of justice?

other? Please specify:

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your system concerning the organisation of the Bar

VII. Alternative Dispute Resolution

If appropriate, please specify, by type of cases, the organisation of the judicial mediation:

	Compulsion (Yes/No)	Body providing mediation (Yes/No)
	Compulsion (Yes/No)	Body providing mediation (Yes/No)
Civil cases	Compulsory stage prior to court proceedings	Private mediator
		Public or authorised by court body
		Court
	Compulsory stage in court proceedings	Judge
	Ordered by judge in certain cases	Prosecutor
Family cases	Compulsory stage prior to court proceedings	Private mediator
		Public or authorised by court body
		Court
	Compulsory stage in court proceedings	Judge
	Ordered by judge in certain cases	Prosecutor
Administrative cases	Compulsory stage prior to court proceedings	Private mediator
		Public or authorised by court body
		Court
	Compulsory stage in court proceedings	Judge
	Ordered by judge in certain cases	Prosecutor
Employment dismissals	Compulsory stage prior to court proceedings	Private mediator
		Public or authorised by court body
		Court
	Compulsory stage in court proceedings	Judge
	Ordered by judge in certain cases	Prosecutor
Criminal cases	Compulsory stage prior to court proceedings	Private mediator
		Public or authorised by court body
		Court
	Compulsory stage in court proceedings	Judge
	Ordered by judge in certain cases	Prosecutor

Can you provide information about accredited mediators?

Can you provide information about the total number of mediation procedure concerning:

civil cases?

family cases?

administrative cases?

employment dismissals?

criminal cases?

Source

Can you give information concerning other alternative dispute resolution (e.g. Arbitration)? Please specify:

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your system concerning ADR

VIII. Enforcement of court decisions

VIII. A. Execution of decisions in civil matters

Are enforcement agents:

Yes

judges?

bailiff practising as private profession ruled by

public authorities?

bailiff working in a public institution?

other enforcement agents?

Please specify their status:

Number of enforcement agents

Source

Is there a specific initial training or examination to enter the profession of enforcement agent?

Yes No

Is the profession of enforcement agent organised by?

Yes

a national body?

a regional body?

a local body?

Can users establish easily what the fees of the enforcement agents will be?

Yes No

Are enforcement fees:

Yes

regulated by law?

freely negotiated?

Is there a body entrusted with the supervision and the control of the enforcement agents?

Yes Which authority is responsible for the supervision and the control of enforcement agents:

Yes

a professional body?

the judge?

the Ministry of justice?

the prosecutor?

other?

Please specify:

Have quality standards been formulated for enforcement agents?

Yes Who is responsible for formulating these quality standards?

Source

What are the main complaints of users concerning the enforcement procedure:

Yes No

no execution at all?

lack of information?

excessive length?

unlawful practices?

insufficient supervision?

excessive cost?

other?

Source

Does your country prepared or has established concrete measures to change the situation concerning the enforcement of court decisions?

Yes Please specify:

Is there a system measuring the timeframes of the enforcement of decisions :

Yes No

for civil cases?

for administrative cases?

As regards a decision on debts collection, can you estimate the average timeframe to notify the decision to the parties which live in the city where the court seats:

Yes

between 1 and 5 days

between 6 and 10 days

between 11 and 30 days

more: please specify

Source

Disciplinary proceedings and sanctions against enforcement agents:

	Yes /No (If yes, please specify the total number)
Disciplinary proceedings	Breach of professional ethics
	Professional inadequacy
	Criminal offence
	Other
Sanctions	Reprimand
	Suspension
	Dismissal
	Fine
	Other

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your enforcement system of decisions in civil matters

VIII. B. Enforcement of decisions in criminal matters

Is there a judge who has in charge the enforcement of judgments?

Yes Please specify his/her functions and activities (e.g. Initiative or control functions):

No Please specify which authority is entrusted with the enforcement of judgements (e.g prosecutor):

As regards fines decided by a criminal court, are there studies to evaluate the effective recovery rate?

Yes Please specify:

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your enforcement system of decisions in criminal matters

IX. Notaries

Is the status of notaries:

Yes Number

a private one?

a status of private worker ruled by the public authorities?

a public one?

other?

Please specify:

Source

Do notaries have duties:

Yes No

within the framework of civil procedure?

in the field of legal advice?

to authenticate legal deeds?

other?

If yes, please specify:

Is there a body entrusted with the supervision and the control of the notaries?

Yes Which authority is responsible for the supervision and the control of the notaries:

Yes

a professional body?

the judge?

the Ministry of justice?

the prosecutor?

other? Please specify:

***

You can indicate below:

any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned above

the characteristics of your system of notaries

******

Please indicate main orientations for reform and concrete measures which could improve the quality and the efficiency of your judicial system: