Note: If the comments provided by national correspondents in the previous scheme still apply, they must nevertheless be repeated for this evaluation cycle.

Reference year:

Reference year +1:

2016

2017

1. Demographic and economic data

1.1 Inhabitants and economic information

1. Number of inhabitants (if possible on 1 January of the reference year +1) ___________

2. Total of annual public expenditure at state level and where appropriate, public expenditure at regional or federal entity level (in €).

§ State or federal level ___________ / NA / NAP

§ Regional / federal entity level (total for all regions / federal entities) ___________ / NA / NAP

3. Per capita GDP (in €) in current prices for the reference year ___________

4. Average gross annual salary (in €) for the reference year ___________

5. Exchange rate of national currency (non-Euro zone) in € on 1 January of the reference year +1 ___________

***

A-1. Please indicate the sources for answering questions 1 to 4:

1.2. Budgetary data concerning judicial system

6. Annual (approved and implemented) public budget allocated to the functioning of all courts, in € (without the budget of the public prosecution services and without the budget of legal aid). If you cannot separate the budget allocated to the courts from the budgets of public prosecution services and/or legal aid, please go to question 7. If you are able to answer this question 6, please answer NAP to the question 7.

	Approved budget (in €)	Implemented budget (in €)
TOTAL - Annual budget allocated to the functioning of all courts (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7)	_______/ NA / NAP	_______/ NA / NAP
1. Annual public budget allocated to (gross) salaries	_______/ NA / NAP	_______/ NA / NAP
2. Annual public budget allocated to computerisation (equipment, investments, maintenance)	_______/ NA / NAP	_______/ NA / NAP
3. Annual public budget allocated to justice expenses (expertise, interpretation, etc), without legal aid. NB: this does not concern the taxes and fees to be paid by the parties.	_______/ NA / NAP	_______/ NA / NAP
4. Annual public budget allocated to court buildings (maintenance, operating costs)	_______/ NA / NAP	_______/ NA / NAP
5. Annual public budget allocated to investments in new (court) buildings	_______/ NA / NAP	_______/ NA / NAP
6. Annual public budget allocated to training	_______/ NA / NAP	_______/ NA / NAP
7. Other (Please specify)	_______/ NA / NAP	_______/ NA / NAP

Please indicate any useful comment to explain the figures provided. If the annual public budget allocated to the functioning of all courts actually implemented is different from the approved annual public budget allocated to the functioning of all courts, please indicate the main differences:

7. (Modified question) If you cannot answer question 6 because you cannot isolate the budget allocated to courts from the budget allocated to public prosecution services and/or legal aid, please fill only the appropriate line in the table according to your system:

	Approved budget (in €)	Implemented budget (in €)
Total annual public budget allocated to all courts and the public prosecution services together	_______ / NA / NAP	______ / NA / NAP
Total annual public budget allocated to all courts and legal aid together	_______ / NA / NAP	______ / NA / NAP
Total annual public budget allocated to all courts, public prosecution services and legal aid together	_______ / NA / NAP	_______ / NA / NAP

8. Are litigants in general required to pay a court tax or fee to start a proceeding at a court of general jurisdiction:

for criminal cases?

for other than criminal cases?

If there are exceptions to the rule to pay a court tax or fee, could you please provide comments on those exceptions?

8-1. Please briefly present the methodology of calculation of court taxes or fees:

8-2. The amount of court fees to commence an action for 3000€ debt recovery: ____________

9. Annual income of court taxes or fees received by the State (in €): _________ / NA / NAP

[Questions 10 and 11 non-existent]

12. Annual approved public budget allocated to legal aid, in €.

	Total	Criminal cases	Other than criminal cases
TOTAL - Annual approved public budget allocated to legal aid (12.1 + 12.2)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
12.1 for cases brought to court	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
12.2 for non-litigious cases or cases not brought to court (legal consultation, ADR, etc.)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

12-1. Annual implemented public budget allocated to legal aid, in €.

	Total	Criminal cases	Other than criminal cases
TOTAL - Annual implemented public budget allocated to legal aid (12-1.1 + 12-1.2)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
12-1.1 for cases brought to court	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
12-1.2 for non-litigious cases or cases not brought to court (legal consultation, ADR, etc.)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

If the public budget actually implemented regarding legal aid is different from the annual approved public budget allocated to legal aid, please indicate the main differences:

13. Total annual (approved and implemented) public budget allocated to the public prosecution services, in €.

	Approved budget (in €)	Implemented budget (in €)
Total annual public budget allocated to the public prosecution services, in €	_______ / NA / NAP	______ / NA / NAP

Please indicate any useful comment to explain the figures provided. Moreover, if the annual public budget allocated to the public prosecution services actually implemented is different from the approved annual public budget allocated to the public prosecution services, please indicate the main differences:

14. Authorities formally responsible for the budgets allocated to the courts (multiple options possible):

	Preparation of the total court budget	Adoption/approval of the total court budget	Management and allocation of the budget among the courts	Evaluation of the use of the budget at a national level
Ministry of Justice	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Other ministry	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Parliament	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Supreme Court	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
High Judicial Council	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Courts	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Inspection body	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Other	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP

If any other Ministry and/or inspection body and/or other, please specify (considering question 14):

***

A-2. Please indicate the sources for answering questions 6, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13:

1.3. Budgetary data concerning the whole justice system

Budget of the whole justice system

15-1. Annual (approved and implemented) public budget allocated to the whole justice system, in € (this global budget concerns the court system as defined under question 6 and also the prison system, the judicial protection of juveniles, the operation of the Ministry of Justice, etc.).

	Approved budget (in €)	Implemented budget (in €)
Total annual public budget allocated to the whole justice system	_______ / NA	_______ / NA /

Please indicate any useful comment to explain the figures provided above and specify if a large portion of the budget allocated to the whole justice system comes from an international organisation. Moreover, if the annual public budget allocated to the whole justice system actually implemented is different from the approved annual public budget allocated to the whole justice system, please indicate the main differences:

Elements included in the whole justice system budget

Please indicate the elements that are included in the whole justice system budget. (Please, check the consistency with questions 6, 12 and 13)

15-2. (Modified question) Elements of the judicial system budget (Q6, Q12 and Q13)

	Included	Not included	Does not exist (NAP)
Court (see question 6)
Legal aid (see question 12)
Public prosecution services (see question 13)

15-3. (Modified question) Other budgetary elements

	Included	Not included	Does not exist (NAP)
Prison system
Probation services
Council of the judiciary
Constitutional court
Judicial management body
State advocacy
Enforcement services
Notariat
Forensic services
Judicial protection of juveniles
Functioning of the Ministry of Justice
Refugees and asylum seekers services
Immigration Service
Some police services (e.g. : transfer, investigation, prisoners’ security)
Other

If “other”, please specify:

A-3. Please indicate the sources for answering questions 15-1, 15-2 and 15-3:

2. Access to Justice and to all courts

2.1 Legal aid

16. Does legal aid apply to:

	Criminal cases	Other than criminal cases
Representation in court	Yes No NA NAP	Yes No NA NAP
Legal advice	Yes No NA NAP	Yes No NA NAP

17. Does legal aid include the coverage of or the exemption from court fees?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

18. Can legal aid be granted for the fees that are related to the enforcement of judicial

decisions (e.g. fees of an enforcement agent)?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

19. Can legal aid be granted for other costs (different from those mentioned in questions 16 to 18, e.g. fees of technical advisors or experts, costs of other legal professionals (notaries), travel costs etc.)?

Criminal cases	Other than criminal cases
Yes No NA NAP	Yes No NA NAP

If yes, please specify:

20. (Modified question) Please indicate the number of cases for which legal aid has been granted:

	Cases brought to court	Cases not brought to court / non-litigious cases
Total	________/ NA / NAP	________/ NA / NAP
In criminal cases	________/ NA / NAP	________/ NA / NAP
In other than criminal cases	________/ NA / NAP	________/ NA / NAP

Please specify when appropriate:

21. In criminal cases, can individuals who do not have sufficient financial means be

assisted by a free of charge (or financed by a public budget) lawyer? Please, specify in the comment box below.

Accused individuals Yes No

Victims Yes No

If yes, please specify:

22. If yes, are individuals free to choose their lawyer within the framework of the legal aid system?

Yes No

23. (Modified question) Does your country have an income and assets evaluation for granting:

full legal aid to the applicant:

	Annual income value (for one person), (in €)	Annual assets value (for one person), (in €)	No income and assets evaluation system for granting legal aid
for criminal cases	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
for other than criminal cases	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP

partial legal aid to the applicant:

	Annual income value (for one person), (in €)	Annual assets value (for one person), (in €)	No income and assets evaluation system for granting legal aid
for criminal cases	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
for other than criminal cases	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP

Please indicate if any other criteria are taken into account for the granting of legal aid and any comment that could explain the figures provided above:

24. In other than criminal cases, is it possible to refuse legal aid for lack of merit of the case (for example for frivolous action or no chance of success)?

Yes No

If yes, please explain the exact criteria for denying legal aid:

25. In other than criminal cases, is the decision to grant or refuse legal aid taken by (one option only):

○ the court?

○ an authority external to the court?

○ a mixed authority (court and external bodies)?

26. Is there a private system of legal expense insurance enabling individuals (this does not concern companies or other legal persons) to finance court proceedings?

Yes No

If appropriate, please inform about the current development of such insurances in your country; is it a growing phenomenon?

27. Can judicial decisions direct how legal costs, paid by the parties during the procedure, will be shared, in:


	criminal cases
	other than criminal cases

***

B1. Please indicate the sources for answering questions 20 and 23:

2.2 Users of the courts and victims

2.2.1 Rights of the users and victims

28. Are there official internet sites/portals (e.g. Ministry of Justice, etc.) for which the general public may have free of charge access to the following:

	Yes	Internet address(es)
legal texts (e.g. codes, laws, regulations, etc.)		________________________
case-law of the higher court/s		________________________
other documents (e.g. downloadable forms, online registration)		________________________

Please specify what documents and information the addresses for “other documents” include:

29. (Modified question) Is there an obligation to provide information to the parties concerning the foreseeable timeframes of proceedings?

Yes, always

Yes, only in some specific situations

If yes, only in some specific situations, please specify:

30. Is there a public and free-of-charge specific information system to inform and to help victims of crime?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

31. Are there special favourable arrangements to be applied, during judicial proceedings, to the following categories of vulnerable persons:

	Information mechanism	Special arrangements in hearings	Other specific arrangements
Victims of sexual violence/rape
Victims of terrorism
Minors (witnesses or victims)
Victims of domestic violence
Ethnic minorities
Disabled persons
Juvenile offenders
Other (e.g. victims of human trafficking, forced marriage, sexual mutilation)

If “other vulnerable person” and/or “other special arrangements”, please specify:

31-1. Is it possible for minors to be a party to a judicial proceeding:

Yes No

If yes, please specify which procedures can be concerned (civil, criminal, administrative / normal or accelerated procedure) and at which conditions (can children benefit from legal aid, be represented by a lawyer, etc.) :

32. Does your country allocate compensation for victims of crime?

Yes No

If yes, for which kind of offences?

32-1. (New question) Is a court decision necessary in the framework of the compensation procedure?

Yes No

33. If yes, does this compensation come from:

a public fund

damages and interests to be paid by the person responsible

a private fund

34. Are there studies that evaluate the recovery rate of the damages awarded by courts to victims?

Yes No

If yes, please illustrate with available data concerning the recovery rate, the title of the studies, the frequency of the studies and the coordinating body:

35. Do public prosecutors have a specific role with respect to the victims (protection and assistance)?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

36. Do victims of crime have the right to dispute a public prosecutor’s decision to discontinue a case?

Please verify the consistency of your answer with that to question 105 regarding the possibility for a public prosecutor "to discontinue a case without needing a decision by a judge".

Yes

NAP (the public prosecutor cannot decide to discontinue a case on his/her own. A decision by a judge is needed).

If necessary, please specify:

2.2.2 Confidence of citizens in their justice system

37. (Modified question) Is there a system for compensating users in the following circumstances:

	Number of requests for compensation	Number of condemnations	Total amount (in €)
Total	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
excessive length of proceedings	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
non-execution of court decisions	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
wrongful arrest	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
wrongful conviction	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
other	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP

Where appropriate, please give details on the compensation procedure and the calculation method for the amount of the compensation (e.g. the amount per day for unjustified detentions or convictions):

38. (Modified question) Did your country implement surveys aimed at legal professionals and court users to measure their trust in justice and their satisfaction with the services delivered by the judicial system? If yes, how frequently and up to what level?

National level

Court level

1. (Satisfaction) surveys aimed at judges

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

2. (Satisfaction) surveys aimed at court staff

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

3. (Satisfaction) surveys aimed at public prosecutors

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

4. (Satisfaction) surveys aimed at lawyers

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

5. (Satisfaction) surveys aimed at the parties

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

6. (Satisfaction) surveys aimed at other court users (e.g. jurors, witnesses, experts, interpreters, representatives of governmental agencies)

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

7. (Satisfaction) surveys aimed at victims

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

8. Other not mentioned

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

Annual

Other regular

Ad hoc

Please, indicate the references and links to the satisfaction surveys you mentioned above:

[Question 39 non-existent]

40. Is there a national or local procedure for making complaints about the functioning of the judicial system? (for example the handling of a case by a judge or the duration of a proceeding)

Yes No

41. If yes, please specify certain aspects of this procedure:

	Authority responsible for dealing with the complaint	Time limit for dealing with the complaint
Court concerned
Higher court
Ministry of Justice
Council of the Judiciary
Other external bodies (e.g. Ombudsman)

41-1.

	Number of complaints	Compensations amount granted to users
Court concerned	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
Higher court	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
Ministry of Justice	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
Council of the Judiciary	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP
Other external bodies (e.g. Ombudsman)	_____ / NA / NAP	_____ / NA / NAP

If possible, please give information concerning the efficiency of this complaint procedure and any useful comment:

3. Organisation of the court system

3.1 Courts

42. Number of courts considered as legal entities (administrative structures) and geographic locations.

42.1 First instance courts of general jurisdiction

(legal entities)

_____/ NA / NAP

42.2 First instance specialised courts (legal entities)

_____/ NA / NAP

42.3 All the courts (geographic locations) (this includes 1^st instance courts of general jurisdiction, first instance specialised courts, all second instance courts and courts of appeal and all supreme courts)

_____/ NA / NAP

43. Number (legal entities) of first instance specialised courts (or specific judicial order).

Total (must be the same as the data given under question 42.2)	_____/ NA / NAP
Commercial courts (excluded insolvency courts)	_____/ NA / NAP
Insolvency courts	_____/ NA / NAP
Labour courts	_____/ NA / NAP
Family courts	_____/ NA / NAP
Rent and tenancies courts	_____/ NA / NAP
Enforcement of criminal sanctions courts	_____/ NA / NAP
Fight against terrorism, organised crime and corruption	_____/ NA / NAP
Internet related disputes	_____/ NA / NAP
Administrative courts	_____/ NA / NAP
Insurance and / or social welfare courts	_____/ NA / NAP
Military courts	_____/ NA / NAP
Other specialised 1^st instance courts	_____/ NA / NAP

If “other specialised 1^st instance courts”, please specify:

44. Is there a foreseen change in the structure of courts [for example a reduction of the number of courts (geographic locations) or a change in the powers of courts]?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

45. Number of first instance courts (geographic locations) competent for a case concerning:

a debt collection for small claims	_____/ NA / NAP
a dismissal	_____/ NA / NAP
a robbery	_____/ NA / NAP

45-1. (New question) Is your definition for small claims the same as the one in the Explanatory note? If not, please give your definition for small claims:

45-2. (New question) Please indicate the value of a small claim: _________

***

Please indicate the sources for answering questions 42, 43 and 45:

3.2 Judges and non-judge staff

46. Number of professional judges sitting in courts (if possible on 31 December of the reference year).

(please give the information in full-time equivalent and for permanent posts actually filled for all types of courts - general jurisdiction and specialised courts )

	Total	Males	Females
Total number of professional judges (1 + 2 + 3)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Number of first instance professional judges	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Number of second instance (court of appeal) professional judges	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
3. Number of supreme court professional judges	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

Please provide any useful comment for interpreting the data above:

47. Number of court presidents (professional judges).

	Total	Males	Females
Total number of court presidents (1 + 2 + 3)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Number of first instance court presidents	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Number of second instance (court of appeal) court presidents	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
3. Number of supreme court presidents	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

48. Number of professional judges sitting in courts on an occasional basis and who are paid as such (if possible on 31 December of the reference year):

Gross figure	_____/ NA / NAP
In full-time equivalent	_____/ NA / NAP

If necessary, please provide comments to explain the answer under question 48:

48-1. (New question) Do these professional judges sitting in courts on an occasional basis deal with a significant part of cases? If yes, please give specifications on the types of cases and an estimate in percentage.

49. (Modified question) Number of non-professional judges who are not remunerated but who can possibly receive a simple defrayal of costs (if possible on 31 December of the reference year) (e.g. lay judges or “juges consulaires”, but not arbitrators or persons sitting in a jury):

Gross figure	_____/ NA / NAP
In full-time equivalent	_____/ NA / NAP

49-1. If such non-professional judges exist in first instance in your country, please specify for which types of cases:

	Yes	No	Echevinage
in criminal law cases	○	○	○
- severe criminal cases	○	○	○
- misdemeanour and/or minor criminal cases	○	○	○
in family law cases	○	○	○
in civil cases	○	○	○
in labour law cases	○	○	○
in social law cases	○	○	○
in commercial law cases	○	○	○
in insolvency cases	○	○	○
Other	○	○	○

If “other”, please specify:

50. Does your judicial system include trial by jury with the participation of citizens?

Yes No

50-1. (New question) If yes, for which type of case(s)? (Please, for severe criminal cases and misdemeanour cases refer to the CEPEJ definitions)

Severe criminal cases

Misdemeanour cases

Other cases

51. Number of citizens who were involved in such juries for the year of reference:

______ / NA / NAP

52. Number of non-judge staff who are working in courts (on 31 December of the reference year) (this data should not include the staff working for public prosecutors; see question 60) (please give the information in full-time equivalent and for permanent posts actually filled)

	Total	Male	Females
Total non-judge staff working in courts (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP
1. *Rechtspfleger* (or similar bodies) with judicial or quasi-judicial tasks having autonomous competence and whose decisions could be subject to appeal	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP
*2. Non-judge staff whose task is to assist the judges* such as registrars** (case file preparation, assistance during the hearing, court recording, helping to draft the decisions)	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP
3. Staff in charge of different administrative tasks and of the management of the courts (human resources management, material and equipment management, including computer systems, financial and budgetary management, training management)	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP
4. Technical staff	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP
5. Other non-judge staff	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP	___/ NA / NAP

If “other non-judge staff”, please specify:

53. (Modified question) If there are Rechtspfleger (or similar bodies) in your judicial system, please specify in which fields do they have a role:

legal aid

family cases

payment orders

registry cases (land and/or business registry cases)

enforcement of civil cases

enforcement of criminal cases

other cases not mentioned (please describe in comment)

non-litigious cases

Please briefly describe their status and duties:

54. Have the courts outsourced certain services, which fall within their powers, to private providers?

Yes No

54-1. (New question) If yes, please specify which services have been outsourced:

IT services

Training of staff

Security

court clerks

Infrastructures, equipment and office softwares

62.1 Basic facilities (micro-computers, internet connection and e-mail)

Equipment rate(*) ○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Equipment policy coordinated at national level Yes No

Average internet speed in courts (*) (use the scale described in the explanatory note to answer this question) ○Very high speed ○High speed ○Medium speed ○Low speed ○NA

62.2 Advanced use of office automation tools (*) (shared folders on servers, shared planning, etc.)

Equipment rate(*)○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Use policy coordinated at national level Yes No

62.3 Is there staff specifically dedicated to computer maintenance in the jurisdictions?

Yes No

If yes, is this service:

○Outsourced

○Internal to the jurisdictions (specialised non-judge staff)

○Both of them

Comments (current developments, fields concerned, clarifications regarding the status or structuration of the maintenance services)

Centralised databases for decision support

62.4 (Modified question) Is there a centralised national database of decided cases (case-law, etc.)?

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information :

	**Equipment rate()*	**Link with ECHR case law()*	**Denomination(s)() of the database(s)*	Case-law database available in open data
*Unique centralised database for all matters* ()*	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No		Yes No
*If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matter(s)() concerned :**
Civil and/or commercial	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No		Yes No
Criminal	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No		Yes No
Administrative	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No		Yes No
Other (please, specify in a comment to question 62)	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No		Yes No

62.4-1 (New question) If data of decided cases (case-law, etc.) are provided in open data, please specify the data that might possibly be anonymised:

62.5 Centralised legislative database

Equipment rate(*) ○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Link to databases of case law Yes No NA

Denomination(*) of the database ______________

62.6 Is there a computerised national record centralising all criminal convictions?

Yes

Linkage with other European records of the same nature Yes No

Content directly available through computerised means for judges and/or prosecutors Yes No

Content directly available for purposes other than criminal (civil and administrative matters) Yes No

Authority delivering the access Yes No

Writing assistance tools

62.7 Are there writing assistance tools for which the content is coordinated at national level? (*) (models or templates, paragraphs already written, etc.)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

	**Equipment rate()*	**Denomination(s)() of the tool(s)*
Civil and/or commercial	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA
Criminal	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA
Administrative	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA
Other (please, specify in a comment to question 62)	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

62.8 Voice dictation tools

Equipment rate(*)○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Other tools

62.9 Access to an intranet in the jurisdiction (broadcasting of national or local news)

Equipment rate(*) ○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

62.10 Possibility of online training (e-learning) for judges, prosecutors and/or court clerks

Equipment rate(*)○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Comments - questions 62.1 to 62.10

63. Technologies used for administration of the courts and case management

Use of information technologies for improving the efficiency of the judicial system functioning

63.1 Is there a case management system(*) ? (software or group of softwares used for the recording of judicial proceedings and their management)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

	**Equipment rate()*	**Centralised or interoperable database()*	**Early warning signals (for active case management)()*	**Denomination(s)() of the system(s)*
*Database for all matters()**	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No
*If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matter(s)() concerned:**
Civil and/or commercial	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No
Criminal	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No
Administrative	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No
Other (please, specify in a comment to question 63)	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No

63.2 Computerised registries managed by courts

	**Equipment rate()*	Data consolidated at national level	**Service available online()*	**Denomination(s)() of the tool(s)*
Land registry	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No
Business registry	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No
Other (please, specify in a comment to question 63)	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No

63.3 Are there statistics tools to measure courts activity? (tool, directly linked or not to the case management system of Q63.1, allowing to quantify among others the number of incoming, resolved and pending cases by type of case – e.g.: infocentres, data warehouse, etc.)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

	**Equipment rate()*	Data consolidated at national level	**Denomination(s)() of the system(s)*
*Unique statistical tool for all matters()**	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No
*If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matter(s)() concerned:**
Civil and/or commercial	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No
Criminal	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No
Administrative	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No
Other (please, specify in a comment to question 63)	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No

63.3-1 Please, indicate if the statistical system is able to produce extractions to count the following special litigations:

Litigious divorce	Yes NoNA
Dismissal	Yes NoNA
Insolvency	Yes NoNA
Violence within the family	Yes NoNA
Organised crime	Yes NoNA
Cybercrime	Yes NoNA
Aliens	Yes NoNA

63.4 Have business intelligence tools(*) based on the statistical tools been developed?

Yes No

63.5 In what manner and to what extent statistical activity data of courts are used to allocate them human and financial resources?(*) (e.g.: use of the number of incoming cases to calculate the number of judges for one jurisdiction, etc.)

Budgetary and financial monitoring

63.6 Budgetary and financial management systems of courts

	**Equipment rate()*	Data consolidated at national level	*System communicating with other ministries* *()** (financial among others)	**Denomination(s)() of the tool(s)*
**Budgetary and financial management of courts()*	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No
*Justice expenses management* *()**	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No
Other (please specify in a comment to question 63)	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA	Yes No	Yes No

Other tools of courts management

63.7 Measurement tools to assess the workload of judges, prosecutors and/or court clerks (tool quantifying the activity of judges, prosecutors and/or court clerks – for example the number of cases resolved)

Equipment rate(*) ○100% ○50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Data used for a monitoring at national level local level

63.8 Videoconferencing between courts (this solely concerns the use of audio-visual devices used for administration and court management – e.g.: coordination meetings between remote entities, training, etc.).

Equipment rate(*)○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Comments - questions 63.1 to 63.8

64. Technologies used for communication between courts, professionals and/or court users

Use of information technologies to improve the quality of the service provided to the court users (technologies directly accessible to courts users without having recourse to a professional)

64.1 General-interest information websites (website designed for users, which presents courts missions, the organisation, judicial map, etc.)

Websites at national and/or local level(s)

Website gathering national information

Specific website for each jurisdiction

Please specify the percentage of courts providing this service:

○100% ○50-99% ○10-49% ○0-9% ○NA

No website (NAP)

64.2 Is there a possibility to submit a case to courts by electronic means()?*(possibility to introduce a case by electronic means, for example an e-mail or a form on a website)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

Equipment rate(*)

Simultaneous submission of cases in paper form remains mandatory

Specific legislative framework authorising the submission of a case(*)

Denomination(s)(*) of the software(s) dealing with online submission of cases

Single electronic access point for all matters(*)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matter(s)(*) concerned:

Civil and/or commercial

○100% ○50-99% ○10-49% ○0-9% ○NA

Yes No

Criminal

○100% ○50-99% ○10-49% ○0-9% ○NA

Yes No

Administrative

○100% ○50-99% ○10-49% ○0-9% ○NA

Yes No

Other (please, specify in a comment to question 64)

○100% ○50-99% ○10-49% ○0-9% ○NA

Yes No

64.3 Is it possible to request for granting legal aid by electronic means(*)?

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

Equipment rate(*)○100% ○50-99% ○10-49% ○1-9% ○NA

Formalisation of the request in paper form remains mandatory Yes No

Specific legislative framework(*) regarding requests for granting legal aid by electronic means Yes No

Denomination(*) of the software dealing with online requests ______________

64.4 Is it possible to transmit summons to a judicial meeting or a hearing by electronic means? (a judicial meeting relates to stages prior to a court hearing, with a view to mediation or conciliation)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

Equipment rate(*)

Simultaneous summon in paper form remains mandatory

Consent of the user to be notified by electronic means(*)

Terms and conditions (if other please specify in comments)

Specific legislative framework(*)

Summon possible for all matters(*)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

SMS

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matters(*) concerned:

Civil and/or commercial

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

SMS

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

Criminal

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

SMS

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

Administrative

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

SMS

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

Other (please, specify in a comment to question 64)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

SMS

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

64.5 Is it possible to monitor the stages of an online judicial proceeding? (Consultation on a website of the progress of a judicial proceeding before the court from the submission of a case to its deliberation)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

Equipment rate(*)

Monitoring linked to the case management system (Q63.1)

Monitoring including the publication of an online decision (*)

Denomination(*) of the software used for the online monitoring

Possibility for all matters(*)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matter(s)(*) concerned:

Civil and/or commercial

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

Criminal

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

Administrative

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

Other (please, specify in a comment to question 64)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Yes No

Use of information technologies for improving the relationship quality between courts and professionals

64.6 Are there possibilities of electronic communication between courts and lawyers? (sending of computer data contained in a judicial proceeding with or without scanned documents, mainly to develop dematerialised communication)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following informations:

Equipment rate(*)

Trial phases concerned(*)

Terms and conditions(*) (if there are different according to the trial phases or if other, please specify in a comment)

Specific legal framework(*)

Communication possible for all matters(*)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Submission of a case to a court

Phases preparatories to a hearing

Schedule of hearings and/or appeals management

Transmission of courts decisions

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matters(*) concerned:

Civil and/or commercial

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Submission of a case to a court

Phases preparatories to a hearing

Schedule of hearings and/or appeals management

Transmission of courts decisions

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

Criminal

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Submission of a case to a court

Phases preparatories to a hearing

Schedule of hearings and/or appeals management

Transmission of courts decisions

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

Administrative

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Submission of a case to a court

Phases preparatories to a hearing

Schedule of hearings and/or appeals management

Transmission of courts decisions

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

Other (please, specify in a comment to question 64)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Submission of a case to a court

Phases preparatories to a hearing

Schedule of hearings and/or appeals management

Transmission of courts decisions

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

If “other”, please specify any useful comment regarding this section.

64.7 Terms and conditions of electronic communication used by professionals other than lawyers (sending of computer data contained in a judicial proceeding with or without scanned documents, mainly to develop dematerialised communication)

Equipment rate(*)

Deeds concerned(*)

Terms and conditions(*) (if there are different according to the deeds or if other, please specify in a comment)

Specific legal framework(*)

Enforcement agents (as defined in Q169 et seq.)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Communications between enforcement agents and users:

Summon to a court

Notification of decisions

Debt collection

Other

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

Notaries (as defined in Q192 et seq.)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Communications between notaries and users:

In civil proceeding

In matter of legal advice

To authenticate deeds/certificates

Other

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

Experts (as defined in Q202 et seq.)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Communications between experts and courts:

To exchange evidences/bill of costs, etc.

For the monitoring of expertises and timeframes reminder

Other

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

Judicial police services

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Communications between the police services and the prosecuting authorities:

To transmit instructions from the public prosecution services to the investigators

To communicate to the public prosecution services, data on proceedings for which the investigation is over

Other

E-mail

Specific computer application(*)

Other

Yes No

If “other”, please specify any useful comment regarding this section.

64.8 Is there a device for electronic signatures of documents between courts, users and/or professionals? (device ensuring the integrity of an electronic document based on an infrastructure of digital keys management)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

Equipment rate(*)

Deeds concerned (if other, please specify in a comment)

Signature remaining mandatory on a paper original

Specific legal framework(*)

Signature possible for all matters(*)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Conclusions exchanged between lawyers aimed at a court(*)

Judicial administration deeds (summons issued by the court for example)

Decisions of other jurisdictions

Other

Yes No

If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matter(s)(*) concerned:

Civil and/or commercial

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Conclusions exchanged between lawyers aimed at a court(*)

Judicial administration deeds (summons issued by the court for example)

Decisions of other jurisdictions

Other

Yes No

Criminal

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Conclusions exchanged between lawyers aimed at a court(*)

Judicial administration deeds (summons issued by the court for example)

Decisions of other jurisdictions

Other

Yes No

Administrative

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Conclusions exchanged between lawyers aimed at a court(*)

Judicial administration deeds (summons issued by the court for example)

Decisions of other jurisdictions

Other

Yes No

Other (please specify in a comment to question 64)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Conclusions exchanged between lawyers aimed at a court(*)

Judicial administration deeds (summons issued by the court for example)

Decisions of other jurisdictions

Other

Yes No

If “other”, please specify any useful comment regarding this section.

64.9 Are there online processing devices of specialised litigation? (low value litigation, undisputed claims, preparatory phases to the resolution of family conflicts, etc. – please, specify in “comments” section)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

	**Equipment rate()*	Type of litigation concerned	Denomination(s) of the tool(s)
Civil and/or commercial	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA
Criminal	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA
Administrative	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA
Other (please, specify in a comment to question 62)	○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Use of information technologies between courts, professionals and users in the framework of judicial proceedings

64.10 Videoconferencing between courts, professionals and/or users (this does concern the use of audio-visual devices in the framework of judicial proceedings such as the hearing of parties, etc.)

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information and describe in comments of this section the cases of actual use of videoconferencing and the expected benefits (for example, the use of this device to reduce the number of detainees’ transfers to the court):

Equipment rate

Proceeding phase

Specific legislative framework

Videoconferencing in all matters

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Prior to the submission of a case to the court or to the hearing

During the hearing

After the hearing

Yes No

If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matters concerned:

Civil and/or commercial

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Prior to the submission of a case to the court or to the hearing

During the hearing

After the hearing

Yes No

Criminal

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Prior to the submission of a case to the court or to the hearing

During the hearing

After the hearing

Yes No

Administrative

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Prior to the submission of a case to the court or to the hearing

During the hearing

After the hearing

Yes No

Other (please specify in a comment to question 64)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

Prior to the submission of a case to the court or to the hearing

During the hearing

After the hearing

Yes No

64.11 Recording of hearings or debates (sound or audio-visual recording during the investigation and/or trial phase(s))

Yes No

If yes, please specify the following information:

Equipment rate

Type of recording

Specific legislative framework

Recording in all matters

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

○Sound ○Video

Yes No

If no, please fill in the questionnaire for the matter(s)(*) concerned:

Civil and/or commercial

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

○Sound ○Video

Yes No

Criminal

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

○Sound ○Video

Yes No

Administrative

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

○Sound ○Video

Yes No

Other (please specify in a comment to question 64)

○100% 50-99% ○10-49%1-9% ○0% (NAP) ○NA

○Sound ○Video

Yes No

64.12 (New question) Are electronic evidences admissible?

Matter	Admission of electronic evidences	Legislative framework
Civil and commercial	Yes No	General law only General and specialised law Specialised law only
Criminal	Yes No	General law only General and specialised law Specialised law only
Administrative	Yes No	General law only General and specialised law Specialised law only

64.13 Other devices of electronic communication between courts, professionals and/or users

Comments - questions 64.1 to 64.13

65. Other aspects related to information technologies

Organisation of the information system governance used by courts

65.1 Is a single structure in charge of the strategic governance(*) of the judicial system modernisation (using among others IT)

Yes

If yes, does it consist of:

administrative, technical and scientific staff only

mixed teams composed of judicial staff (judges/prosecutors/court clerks) and administrative/technical/scientific staff

Other (please specify in a comment)

Comments (please specify, in case of a negative answer, if there are other modernisation approaches that have been implemented):

65.2 Which is the model primarily chosen for conducting structuring IT projects in courts and the later management of applications created (maintenance, evolution)?

○Management mainly provided by an IT department with the help of professionals in the field (judges, prosecutors, court clerks, etc.)

○Management mainly provided by professionals in the field (judges, prosecutors, court clerks, etc.) with the help of an internal IT department and/or an external service provider

○Other alternatives (external service provider only – specify in a comment)

○NA

Comments (including other alternatives)

65.3 Is there a device of detection and promotion of innovations regarding IT coming from personal and/or local initiatives?

Yes No

Comments (please, specify projects that have experienced national developments)

65.4 Have you measured or made measured actual benefits resulting from one or several components of your information system?

Yes No

Comments (please, specify for example if stock decreases, timeframe reductions, etc. have been observed in direct connection with one of the components of the information system)

Security of courts information system

65.5 Is there a global security policy regarding the information system of the judicial system based on independent audits or other?

Yes No

Comments (please specify in particular if national frameworks of information security exist):

Protection of personal data

65.6 Is the protection of personal data managed by courts ensured at legislative level?

Yes No

If yes, please specify among others:

- if there are authorities specifically responsible for protection of personal data

- the extent of the rights granted to citizens in the specific framework of software used by courts

- if there are controls or limitations by law regarding the sharing of databases managed by courts with other administrations (police, etc.)

Comments - questions 65.1 to 65.6:

3.6 Performance and evaluation

National policies applied in courts and public prosecution services

66. Are quality standards determined for the judicial system (are there quality systems for the judiciary and/or judicial quality policies)?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

67. Do you have specialised court staff that is entrusted with these quality standards?

Yes No

68. Is there a national system to evaluate the overall (smooth) functioning of courts on the basis of an evaluation plan agreed beforehand?

Yes No

68-1. (Nouvelle question) If yes, please specify the frequency of this evaluation:

○Annual

○Less frequent

○More frequent

If "less frequent" or "more frequent", please specify:

69. Is there a system for monitoring and evaluating the performance of the public prosecution service?

Yes No

If yes, please give further details:

Performance and evaluation of courts

Measuring courts’ activity

70. Do you have, within the courts, a regular monitoring system of court activities concerning:

Number of incoming cases?

Number of decisions delivered?

Number of postponed cases?

Length of proceedings (timeframes)?

age of cases?

Other?

If “other”, please specify:

71. Do you monitor backlogs and cases that are not processed within a reasonable timeframe for:

civil law cases?

criminal law cases

administrative law cases?

72. Do you have an evaluation process to monitor waiting time during court procedures?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

73. Do you have a system to evaluate regularly the activity (in terms of performance and output) of each court?

Yes No

73-0. (New question) If yes, please specify the frequency:

○Annual

○Less frequent

○More frequent

If "less frequent" or "more frequent", please specify:

73-1. Is this evaluation of the court activity used for the later allocation of means to this court?

Yes No

Performance targets at court level

74. Are there performance targets defined at the level of the court?

Yes No

75. (Modified question) Please specify the main targets applied to the courts:

To increase efficiency / to shorten the length of proceedings

To improve quality

To improve cost efficiency / productivity

Other (please specify):

76. Who is responsible for setting the targets for the courts?

Executive power (for example the Ministry of Justice)

Legislative power

Judicial power (for example High Judicial Council, Higher Court)

President of the court

Other

If “other”, please specify:

Performance and quality indicators at court level (mainly to assess the achievement of defined objectives)

77. Concerning court activities, have you defined performance and quality indicators (if no, please skip to question 79)

Yes No

78. If yes, please select the main performance and quality indicators that have been defined:

incoming cases

length of proceedings (timeframes)

closed cases

pending cases and backlogs

productivity of judges and court staff

percentage of cases that are processed by a single sitting judge

enforcement of penal decisions

satisfaction of court staff

satisfaction of users (regarding the services delivered by the courts)

judicial quality and organisational quality of the courts

costs of the judicial procedures

number of appeals

other:

If “other”, please specify:

Performance evaluation of courts activity

79. Who is responsible for evaluating the performance of the courts (multiple options possible) :

High Council of judiciary

If “other”, please specify:

Information regarding courts activity

80. Is there a centralised institution that is responsible for collecting statistical data regarding the functioning of the courts and judiciary?

Yes No

If yes, please indicate the name and the address of this institution:

80-1. Does this institution publish statistics on the functioning of each court:

Yes, on internet

No, only internally (in an intranet website)

81. Are individual courts required to prepare an activity report (that includes, for example, data on the number of cases processed or pending cases, the number of judges and administrative staff, targets and assessment of the activity)?

Yes No

If yes, please describe the content of the report and its audience (i.e. to whom the report is intended):

81-1. If yes, please specify in which form this report is released:

Internet

Intranet website

Paper distribution

81-2. (New question) If yes, please, indicate the periodicity at which the report is released:

○Annual

○Less frequent

○More frequent

Courts administration

82. (Modified question) Is there a process or structure of dialogue between the public prosecutor service and courts as regards the way cases are presented before courts (for example the organisation, number and planning of hearings, on-call service for urgent cases, selection of simplified procedures of prosecution…)?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

82-1. (Modified question) Is there a process or structure of dialogue between lawyers and courts as regards the way cases are presented before courts in other than criminal matter (e.g. organisation, number and planning of hearings, on-call service for urgent cases)?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

Performance and evaluation of judges

83. Are there quantitative performance targets (for instance a number of cases to be addressed in a month) defined for each judge?

Yes No

83-1. Who is responsible for setting the targets for each judge?

Executive power (for example the Ministry of Justice)

Legislative power

Judicial power (for example the High Judicial Council, Supreme Court)

President of the court

Other

If “other”, please specify:

***

C-4. Please indicate the sources:

4. Fair trial

4.1 Principles

84. Percentage of first instance criminal in absentia judgments (cases in which the suspect is not attending the hearing in person nor represented by a lawyer)?

_______/ NA / NAP

85. Is there a procedure to effectively challenge a judge if a party considers that the judge is not impartial?

Yes Number of successful challenges (in a year): _______ / NA

Please, could you briefly specify:

86. Is there in your country a monitoring system for the violations related to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights?

For civil procedures (non-enforcement): Yes No NAP

For civil procedures (timeframe): Yes No NAP

For criminal procedures (timeframe): Yes No NAP

Please, specify what are the terms and conditions of this monitoring system (information related to violations at the State/courts level; implementation of internal systems to remedy the established violation; implementation of internal systems to prevent other violations (that are similar) and if possible to measure an evolution of the established violations:

***

D-1. Please, specify the sources and indicate any useful comments for interpreting the data mentioned in this chapter:

4.2 Timeframes of proceedings

4.2.1 General information

87. Are there specific procedures for urgent matters as regards:

civil cases?

criminal cases?

administrative cases?

There is no simplified procedure

If yes, please specify:

88. Are there simplified procedures for:

civil cases? (small disputes)

criminal cases? (misdemeanour cases)

administrative cases?

There is no simplified procedure

If yes, please specify:

88-1. (Modified question) For these simplified procedures, may judges deliver an oral judgement with a written order and dispense with a full reasoned judgement?

civil cases?

criminal cases?

administrative cases?

If yes, please specify:

89. Do courts and lawyers have the possibility to conclude agreements on arrangements for processing cases (presentation of files, decisions on timeframes for lawyers to submit their conclusions and on dates of hearings)?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

[Question 90 non-existent]

4.2.2 Case flow management and timeframes of judicial proceedings

91. (Modified question) First instance courts: number of other than criminal law cases.

Type of cases		Pending cases on 1 Jan. ref. year	Incoming cases	Resolved cases	Pending cases on 31 Dec. ref. year	Pending cases older than 2 years from the date the case came to the first instance court

*Total of other than criminal* law cases (1+2+3+4)**		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

1. Civil (and commercial) litigious cases (including litigious enforcement cases and if possible without administrative law cases, see category 3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

2. Non litigious cases (2.1+2.2+2.3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2.1. General civil (and commercial) non-litigious cases, e.g. uncontested payment orders, request for a change of name, non-litigious enforcement cases etc. (if possible without administrative law cases, see category 3; without registry cases and other cases, see categories 2.2 and 2.3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2.2. Registry cases (2.2.1+2.2.2+2.2.3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
	2.2.1. Non litigious land registry cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
	2.2.2 Non-litigious business registry cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
	2.2.3. Other registry cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2.3. Other non-litigious cases		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

3. Administrative law cases		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

4. Other cases		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

Note 1: the cases mentioned in categories 2.2.1. and 2.2.2. (land registry, business registry) should be presented separately in the table. The cases mentioned in category 3 (administrative law cases) should also be separately mentioned for the countries which have specialised administrative courts or separate administrative law procedures or are able to distinguish in another way between administrative law cases and civil law cases.

Note 2: please check if the figures submitted are (horizontally and vertically) consistent. Horizontal consistent data means that: "(pending cases on 1 January reference year + incoming cases) – resolved cases" should give the correct number of pending cases on 31 December reference year. If this horizontal consistency is not possible due to joined cases, please specify.

Vertical consistency of data means that the sum of the individual case categories 1 to 4 should reflect the total number of other than criminal law cases.

92. If courts deal with “civil (and commercial) non-litigious cases”, please indicate the case categories included:

93. Please indicate the case categories included in the category "other cases":

94. (Modified question) First instance courts: number of criminal law cases.

Type of cases	Pending cases on 1 Jan. ref. year	Incoming cases	Resolved cases	Pending cases on 31 Dec. ref. year	Pending cases older than 2 years from the date the case came to the first instance court
Total of criminal cases (1+2)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Severe criminal cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Misdemeanour and / or minor criminal cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

If you cannot make a distinction between misdemeanour criminal cases and severe criminal cases (according to the CEPEJ definitions), please indicate the categories of cases reported in the category "serious offences" and cases reported in the category "minor offences":

[Questions 95 and 96 deleted]

97. (Modified question) Second instance courts (appeal): Number of “other than criminal law” cases.

Type of cases		Pending cases on 1 Jan. ref. year	Incoming cases	Resolved cases	Pending cases on 31 Dec. ref. year	Pending cases older than 2 years from the date the case came to the second instance court

*Total of other than criminal* law cases (1+2+3+4)**		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

1. Civil (and commercial) litigious cases (including litigious enforcement cases and if possible without administrative law cases, see category 3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

2. Non litigious cases (2.1+2.2+2.3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2.1. General civil (and commercial) non-litigious cases, e.g. uncontested payment orders, request for a change of name, non-litigious enforcement cases etc. (if possible without administrative law cases, see category 3; without registry cases and other cases, see categories 2.2 and 2.3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2.2. Registry cases (2.2.1+2.2.2+2.2.3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
	2.2.1. Non litigious land registry cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
	2.2.2 Non-litigious business registry cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
	2.2.3. Other registry cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2.3. Other non-litigious cases		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

3. Administrative law cases		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

4. Other cases		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

98. (Modified question) Second instance courts (appeal): Number of criminal law cases.

Type of cases	Pending cases on 1 Jan. ref. year	Incoming cases	Resolved cases	Pending cases on 31 Dec. ref. year	Pending cases older than 2 years from the date the case came to the second instance court
Total of criminal cases (1+2)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Severe criminal cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Misdemeanour and / or minor criminal cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

Comments:

99. (Modified question) Highest instance courts (Supreme Court): Number of “other than criminal law” cases:

		Pending cases on 1 Jan. ref. year	Incoming cases	Resolved cases	Pending cases on 31 Dec. ref. year	Pending cases older than 2 years from the date the case came to the Supreme court

*Total of other than criminal* law cases (1+2+3+4)**		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

1. Civil (and commercial) litigious cases (including litigious enforcement cases and if possible without administrative law cases, see category 3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

2. Non litigious cases (2.1+2.2+2.3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2.1. General civil (and commercial) non-litigious cases, e.g. uncontested payment orders, request for a change of name, non-litigious enforcement cases etc. (if possible without administrative law cases, see category 3; without registry cases and other cases, see categories 2.2 and 2.3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2.2. Registry cases (2.2.1+2.2.2+2.2.3)		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
	2.2.1. Non litigious land registry cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
	2.2.2 Non-litigious business registry cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
	2.2.3. Other registry cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2.3. Other non-litigious cases		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

3. Administrative law cases		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

4. Other cases		_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

99-1. At the level of the Highest court (Supreme Court), is there a procedure of manifest inadmissibility?

Yes. If yes, please indicate the number of cases closed by this procedure? _____

100. (Modified question) Highest instance courts (Supreme Court): Number of criminal law cases.

Type of cases	Pending cases on 1 Jan. ref. year	Incoming cases	Resolved cases	Pending cases on 31 Dec. ref. year	Pending cases older than 2 years from the date the case came to the Supreme court
Total of criminal cases (1+2)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Severe criminal cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Misdemeanour and / or minor criminal cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

Comments:

101. (Modified question) Number of litigious divorce cases, employment dismissal cases, insolvency, robbery cases, intentional homicide cases, cases relating to asylum seekers and cases relating to the right of entry and stay for aliens received and processed by first instance courts.

	Pending cases on 1 Jan. ref. year	Incoming cases	Resolved cases	Pending cases on 31 Dec ref. year
Litigious divorce cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Employment dismissal cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Insolvency	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Robbery case	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Intentional homicide	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Cases relating to asylum seekers (refugee status under the 1951 Geneva Convention)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Cases relating to the right of entry and stay for aliens	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

101-1. (New question) Could you briefly describe the system in your country dealing with judicial remedies relating to:

asylum seekers (refugee status under the 1951 Geneva Convention)
the right of entry and stay for aliens

102. Average length of proceedings, in days (from the date the application for judicial review is lodged). The average length of proceedings has to be calculated from the date the application for judicial review is lodged to the date the judgment is made, without taking into account the enforcement procedure.

	% of decisions subject to appeal	Average length in 1^st instance (in days)	Average length in 2^nd instance (in days)	Average length in 3^rd instance (in days)	Average total length of the total procedure (in days)	% of cases pending for more than 3 years for all instances
Litigious divorce case	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Employment dismissal case	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Insolvency	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Robbery case	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Intentional homicide	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

103. Where appropriate, please indicate the specific procedure as regards divorce cases (litigious and non-litigious):

104. How is the length of proceedings calculated for the five case categories of question 102? Please give a description of the calculation method.

105. Role and powers of the public prosecutor in the criminal procedure (multiple options possible):

to conduct or supervise police investigation

to conduct investigations

when necessary, to request investigation measures from the judge

to charge

to present the case in the court

to propose a sentence to the judge

to appeal

to supervise the enforcement procedure

to discontinue a case without needing a decision by a judge (ensure consistency with question 36!)

to end the case by imposing or negotiating a penalty or measure without requiring a judicial decision

other significant powers

If “other significant powers”, please specify:

106. (Modified question) Does the public prosecutor also have a role in:

civil cases

administrative cases

insolvency cases

If yes, please specify:

107. Number of cases processed by the public prosecutor

Total number of 1^st instance criminal cases

Received during the reference year

Discontinued during the reference year

(see Q108 below)

Concluded by a penalty or a measure imposed or negotiated by the public prosecutor

Cases brought to court

Total number of cases processed by the public prosecutor

_____/ NA / NAP

107-1. (Modified question) If the guilty plea procedures exist, how many cases were brought to court by the prosecutor through this procedure?

Total number of guilty plea procedures	_____/ NA / NAP
Before the court case	_____/ NA / NAP
During the court case	_____/ NA / NAP

108. Total cases which were discontinued by the public prosecutor.

Total cases which were discontinued by the public prosecutor (1+2+3)	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Discontinued by the public prosecutor because the offender could not be identified	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Discontinued by the public prosecutor due to the lack of an established offence or a specific legal situation	_____/ NA / NAP
3. Discontinued by the public prosecutor for reasons of opportunity	_____/ NA / NAP

109. Do the figures include traffic offence cases?

Yes No

***

D-2. Please indicate the sources for answering questions 91, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 107, 107-1 and 108.

5. Career of judges and public prosecutors

5.1 Recruitment and promotion

110. (Modified question) How are judges recruited?

mainly through a competitive exam (open competition)

mainly through a recruitment procedure for experienced legal professionals (for example experienced lawyers)

a combination of both (competitive exam and working experience)

other

If “other”, please specify:

110-1. Are there specific provisions for facilitating gender equality within the framework of the procedures for recruiting judges?

Yes No

If “yes”, please specify:

111. Authority(ies) responsible for recruitment:

Are judges initially/at the beginning of their career recruited and nominated by:

This question strictly concerns the authority entrusted with the decision to recruit (not the authority formally responsible for the nomination if different from the former).

an authority made up of judges only?

an authority made up of non-judges only?

an authority made up of judges and non-judges?

Please indicate the name of the authority(ies) involved in the whole procedure of recruitment and nomination of judges. If there are several authorities, please describe their respective roles:

112. Is the same authority (Q 111) competent for the promotion of judges?

Yes No

112-1. Are there specific provisions for facilitating gender equality within the framework of the procedures for promoting judges?

Yes No

If “yes”, please specify:

113. What is the procedure for judges to be promoted? (multiple answers possible)

Competitive test / Exam

Other procedure (interview or other)

No special procedure

Please specify how the promotion of judges is organised (especially if there is no competition or examination):

113-1. Please indicate the criteria used for the promotion of a judge? (multiple answers possible)

Years of experience

Professional skills (and/or qualitative performance)

Performance (quantitative)

Assessment results

Subjective criteria (e.g. integrity, reputation)

Other

No criteria

Please specify any useful comment regarding the criteria (especially if you have checked the box “performance” or “other”):

114. (Modified question) Is there a system of qualitative individual assessment of the judges’ work?

Yes No

If yes, please specify the frequency of this assessment:

○Annual

○Less frequent

○More frequent

115. What is the status of prosecution services?

statutory independent

under the authority of the Minister of justice or another central authority

other

When appropriate, please specify the objective guarantees of this independence (transfer, appointment...). Moreover, if "other", please specify

115-1. Does the law or another regulation prevent specific instructions to prosecute or not, addressed to a prosecutor in a court.

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

116. How are public prosecutors recruited?

mainly through a competitive exam (open competition)

mainly through a recruitment procedure for experienced legal professionals (for example experienced lawyers)

a combination of both (competitive exam and working experience)

other

If “other”, please specify:

117. Authority(ies) responsible for recruitment.

Are public prosecutors initially/at the beginning of their career recruited by:

This question concerns the authority entrusted with the responsibility to recruit only (not the authority formally responsible for the nomination if different from the former).

an authority composed of public prosecutors only

an authority composed of non-public prosecutors only

an authority composed of public prosecutors and non-public prosecutors

Please indicate the name of the authority(ies) involved in the whole procedure of recruitment and nomination of public prosecutors. If there are several authorities, please describe their respective roles:

117-1. Are there specific provisions for facilitating gender equality within the framework of the procedures for recruiting prosecutors?

Yes No

If “yes”, please specify:

118. Is the same authority (Q.117) formally responsible for the promotion of public prosecutors?

Yes No

If no, please specify which authority is competent for promoting public prosecutors:

119. What is the procedure for prosecutors to be promoted? (multiple answers possible)

Competitive test / exam

Other procedure (interview or other)

No special procedure

Please, specify the procedure (especially if it is a procedure different from a competitive test or an exam):

119-1. Are there specific provisions for facilitating gender equality within the framework of the procedures for promoting prosecutors?

Yes No

If “yes”, please specify:

119-2. Please indicate the criteria used for the promotion of a prosecutor:

Years of experience

Professional skills (and/or qualitative performance)

Performance (quantitative)

Assessment results

Subjective criteria (e.g. integrity, reputation)

Other

No criteria

Please, specify any useful comment regarding the criteria (especially if you have checked the box “performance” or “other”):

120. Isthere a system of qualitative individual assessment of the public prosecutors’ work?

Yes No

121. Are judges appointed to office for an undetermined period (i.e. "for life" = until the official age of retirement)?

Yes. If yes, please indicate the compulsory retirement age: ______

If yes, are there exceptions (e.g. dismissal as a disciplinary sanction)? Please specify:

121-1. Can a judge be transferred (to another court) without his/her consent:

For disciplinary reasons

For organisational reasons

For other reasons

If "other reasons", please specify modalities and safeguards:

122. Is there a probation period for judges (e.g. before being appointed "for life")? If yes, how long is this period?

Yes Duration of the probation period (in years): ______

123. Are public prosecutors appointed to office for an undetermined period (i.e. "for life" = until the official age of retirement)?

Yes. If yes, please indicate the compulsory retirement age: ______

If yes, are there exceptions (e.g. dismissal as a disciplinary sanction)? Please specify:

124. Is there a probation period for public prosecutors? If yes, how long is this period?

Yes Duration of the probation period (in years): ______

125. If the mandate for judges is not for an undetermined period (see question 121), what is the length of the mandate (in years)? Is it renewable?

Length of the mandate for judges (in years): ____ / NA / NAP Renewable? Yes No

126. If the mandate for public prosecutors is not for an undetermined period (see question 123), what is the length of the mandate (in years)? Is it renewable?

Length of the mandate for public prosecutors (in years): ____ / NA / NAP Renewable? Yes No

***

E1. Please indicate the sources

5.2 Training

127. Training of judges:

Type of training	Compulsory	Optional	No training proposed
Initial training (e.g. attend a judicial school, traineeship in the court)
General in-service training
In-service training for specialised judicial functions (e.g. judge for economic or administrative issues)
In-service training for management functions of the court (e.g. court president)
In-service training for the use of computer facilities in courts

128. Frequency of the in-service training of judges:

Type of training	Regularly (for example every year)	Occasional (as needed)	No training proposed
General in-service training
In-service training for specialised judicial functions (e.g. judge for economic or administrative issues)
In-service training for management functions of the court (e.g. court president)
In-service training for the use of computer facilities in courts

Please indicate any information on the periodicity of the continuous training of judges:

129. Training of public prosecutors:

Type of training	Compulsory	Optional	No training proposed
Initial training
General in-service training
In-service training for specialised functions (e.g. public prosecutor specialised on organised crime)
In-service training for management functions of the court (e.g. Head of prosecution office, manager)
In-service training for the use of computer facilities in office

130. Frequency of the in-service training of public prosecutors:

Type of training	Regularly (for example every year)	Occasional (as needed)	No training proposed
General in-service training
In-service training for specialised functions (e.g. public prosecutor specialised on organised crime)
In-service training for management functions of the court (e.g. Head of prosecution office, manager)
In-service training for the use of computer facilities in office

Please indicate any information on the periodicity of the in-service training of prosecutors:

131. Do you have public training institutions for judges and / or prosecutors?

Type of institution	Initial training only	Continuous training only	Initial and continuous training
One institution for judges
One institution for prosecutors
One single institution for both judges and prosecutors

131-0. (Modified question) If yes, what is the budget of such institution(s)?

Type of institution	Budget of the institution for the reference year, in €
One institution for judges	_____/ NA / NAP
One institution for prosecutors	_____/ NA / NAP
One single institution for both judges and prosecutors	_____/ NA / NAP

131-1. If judges and/or prosecutors have no compulsory initial training in such institutions, please indicate briefly how these judges and/or prosecutors are trained?

***

E.2 Please indicate the sources for answering the questions in this chapter.

5.3 Practice of the profession

132. Salaries of judges and public prosecutors on 31 December of the reference year:

Category of judges and prosecutors	Gross annual salary, in €	Net annual salary, in €	Gross annual salary, in local currency	Net annual salary, in local currency
First instance professional judge at the beginning of his/her career	_____/ NA	_____/ NA	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Judge of the Supreme Court or the Highest Appellate Court (please indicate the average salary of a judge at this level, and not the salary of the Court President)	_____/ NA	_____/ NA	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Public prosecutor at the beginning of his/her career	_____/ NA	_____/ NA	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
Public prosecutor of the Supreme Court or the Highest Appellate Instance (please indicate the average salary of a public prosecutor at this level, and not the salary of the Attorney General).	_____/ NA	_____/ NA	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

Comments:

Sources:

133. Do judges and public prosecutors have additional benefits?

	Judges	Public prosecutors
Reduced taxation
Special pension
Housing
Other financial benefit

134. If “other financial benefit”, please specify:

135. Can judges combine their work with any of the following other functions/activities?

Functions/activities	With remuneration	Without remuneration
Teaching
Research and publication
Arbitrator
Consultant
Cultural function
Political function
Other function

If rules exist in your country (e.g. authorisation needed to perform these activities), please specify. If "other function", please specify:

[Question 136 non-existent]

137. Can public prosecutors combine their work with any of the following other functions/activities?

Functions/activities	With remuneration	Without remuneration
Teaching
Research and publication
Arbitrator
Consultant
Cultural function
Political function
Other function

If rules exist in your country (e.g. authorisation needed to perform these activities), please specify. If "other function", please specify:

[Question 138 non-existent]

139. Productivity bonuses: do judges receive bonuses based on the fulfilment of quantitative objectives in relation to the delivery of judgments (e.g. number of judgments delivered over a given period of time)or cases examination?

Yes No

If yes, please specify the conditions and possibly the amounts:

***

5.4 Disciplinary procedures

140. Who is authorised to initiate disciplinary proceedings against judges (multiple options possible)?

Court users

Relevant Court or hierarchical superior

High Court / Supreme Court

High Judicial Council

Disciplinary court or body

Ombudsman

Parliament

Executive power

Other

This is not possible

If "executive power" and/or "other", please specify:

141. Who is authorised to initiate disciplinary proceedings against public prosecutors: (multiple options possible):

Citizens

Head of the organisational unit or hierarchical superior public prosecutor

Prosecutor General /State public prosecutor

Public prosecutorial Council (and Judicial Council)

Disciplinary court or body

Ombudsman

Professional body

Executive power

Other?

This is not possible

If "executive power" and/or "other", please specify:

142. Which authority has disciplinary power over judges? (multiple options possible)

Court

Higher Court / Supreme Court

Judicial Council

Disciplinary court or body

Ombudsman

Parliament

Executive power

Other?

If "executive power" and/or "other", please specify:

143. Which authority has disciplinary power over public prosecutors? (multiple options possible):

Supreme Court

Head of the organisational unit or hierarchical superior public prosecutor

Prosecutor General /State public prosecutor

Public prosecutorial Council (and Judicial Council)

Disciplinary court or body

Ombudsman

Professional body

Executive power

Other?

If "executive power" and/or "other", please specify:

144. Number of disciplinary proceedings initiated during the reference year against judges and public prosecutors.

If a disciplinary proceeding is undertaken because of several reasons, please count the proceedings only once and for the main reason.

Type of disciplinary proceeding	Judges	Prosecutors
Total number (1+2+3+4)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Breach of professional ethics	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Professional inadequacy	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
3. Criminal offence	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
4. Other	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

If “other”, please specify:

145. Number of sanctions pronounced during the reference year against judges and public prosecutors.

Type of sanctions	Judges	Prosecutors
Total number (total 1 to 9)	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Reprimand	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Suspension	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
3. Withdrawal from cases	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
4. Fine	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
5. Temporary reduction of salary	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
6. Position downgrade	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
7. Transfer to another geographical (court) location	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
8. Resignation	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP
9. Other	_____/ NA / NAP	_____/ NA / NAP

If “other”, please specify. If a significant difference exists between the number of disciplinary proceedings and the number of sanctions, please indicate the reasons.

***

E-3. Please indicate the sources for answering questions 144 and 145

6. Lawyers

6.1 Status of the profession and training

146. Total number of lawyers practising in your country:

______ / NA / NAP

147. Does this figure include “legal advisors” who cannot represent their clients in court (for example, some solicitors or in-house counsellors)?

Yes No

148. Number of legal advisors who cannot represent their clients in court:

______ / NA / NAP

149. (Modified question) Do lawyers have a monopoly on legal representation in (multiple options are possible):

	First instance	Second instance	Highest instance court (Supreme Court)
Civil cases	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Dismissal cases	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Criminal cases - Defendant	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Criminal cases - Victim	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Administrative cases	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
There is no monopoly	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP

Please, indicate any useful clarifications regarding the content of lawyers’ monopoly:

149-0. (New question) If there is no monopoly, please specify the organisations or persons that may represent a client before a court:

	First instance	Second instance	Highest instance court (Supreme Court)
Civil society organisation	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Family member	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Self-representation	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Trade union	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP
Other	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP	○Yes○No○NAP

If "other", please specify. In addition, please specify for the categories mentioned, the types of cases concerned by this/these representation(s):

149-1. In addition to the functions of legal representation and legal advice, can a lawyer exercise other activities?

Notarial activity

Arbitration / mediation

Proxy / representation

Property manager

Real estate agent

Other law activities

If other, please specify:

149-2. What are the statutes for exercising the legal profession in court?

	Self-employed lawyer
	Staff lawyer
	In-house lawyer

150. Is the lawyer profession organised through?

a national bar association?

a regional bar association?

a local bar association?

151. Is there a specific initial training and/or exam to enter the profession of lawyer?

Yes No

If not, please indicate if there are other specific requirements as regards diplomas or university degrees:

152. Is there a mandatory general system for lawyers requiring in-service professional training?

Yes No

153. Is the specialisation in some legal fields linked to specific training, levels of qualification, specific diploma or specific authorisations?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

***

F-1. Please indicate the sources for answering questions 146 and 148:

6.2 Practising the profession

154. Can court users establish easily what the lawyers’ fees will be (i.e. a prior information on the foreseeable amount of fees)?

Yes No

155. Are lawyers' fees freely negotiated?

Yes No

156. Do laws or bar association standards provide any rules on lawyers’ fees (including those freely negotiated)?

Yes laws provide rules

Yes standards of the bar association provide rules

No, neither laws nor bar association standards provide rules

***

6.3 Quality standards and disciplinary proceedings

157. Have quality standards been determined for lawyers?

Yes No

If yes, what are the quality criteria used?

158. If yes, who is responsible for formulating these quality standards:

the bar association?

the Parliament?

other?

If “other”, please specify:

159. Is it possible to file a complaint about:

the performance of lawyers?

the amount of fees?

Please specify:

160. Which authority is responsible for disciplinary procedures?

the judge

the Ministry of Justice

a professional authority

other

If "other", please specify:

161. Disciplinary proceedings initiated against lawyers.

If a disciplinary proceeding is undertaken because of several reasons, please count the proceedings only once and for the main reasons.

Total number of disciplinary proceedings initiated (1 + 2 + 3 + 4)	/ NA / NAP
1. Breach of professional ethics	/ NA / NAP
2. Professional inadequacy	/ NA / NAP
3. Criminal offence	/ NA / NAP
4. Other	/ NA / NAP

If "other", please specify:

162. Sanctions pronounced against lawyers.

Total number of sanctions (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)	/ NA / NAP
1. Reprimand	/ NA / NAP
2. Suspension	/ NA / NAP
3. Withdrawal from cases	/ NA / NAP
4. Fine	/ NA / NAP
5. Other	/ NA / NAP

If "other", please specify. If a significant difference between the number of disciplinary proceedings and the number of sanctions exists, please indicate the reasons.

7. Alternative Dispute Resolution

163. Does the judicial system provide for judicial mediation procedures? If no please skip to question 168.

Judicial mediation: in this type of mediation, there is always the intervention of a judge or a public prosecutor who facilitates, advises on, decides on or/and approves the procedure. For example, in civil disputes or divorce cases, judges may refer parties to a mediator if they believe that more satisfactory results can be achieved for both parties. In criminal law cases, a public prosecutor can propose that he/she mediates a case between an offender and a victim (for example to establish a compensation agreement).

Yes No

163-1. In some fields, does the judicial system provide for mandatory mediation procedures?

	Before going to court
	Ordered by a judge in the course of a judicial proceeding

If there are mandatory mediation procedures, please specify which fields are concerned:

164. Please specify, by type of cases, the organisation of judicial mediation:

Type of cases	Court annexed mediation	Private mediator	Public authority (other than the court)	Judge	Public prosecutor
Civil and commercial cases
Family law cases (ex. divorce)
Administrative cases
Employment dismissals
Criminal cases

165. Is there a possibility to receive legal aid for judicial mediation procedures?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

166. Number of accredited or registered mediators who practice judicial mediation:

/ NA / NAP

167. Number of judicial mediation procedures.

Total number of mediation cases (total 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Civil and commercial cases	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Family cases	_____/ NA / NAP
3. Administrative cases	_____/ NA / NAP
4. Employment dismissal cases	_____/ NA / NAP
5. Criminal cases	_____/ NA / NAP

Please indicate the source:

168. Does the legal system provide for the following alternative dispute resolutions (ADR):

Mediation other than judicial mediation?

Arbitration?

Conciliation?

Other ADR?

If “other”, please specify:

***G-1. Please indicate the source for answering question 166:

8. Enforcement of court decisions

8.1 Execution of decisions in civil matters

8.1.1 Functioning

169. Do you have enforcement agents in your judicial system?

Yes No

170. Number of enforcement agents

_______ / NA / NAP

171. Are enforcement agents (multiple options are possible):

judges?

bailiffs practising as private professionals under the authority (control) of public authorities?

bailiffs working in a public institution?

other?

Please specify their status and powers:

171-1. Do enforcement agents have the monopoly in exercising their profession?

Yes No

Please indicate any useful clarifications regarding the content of the enforcement agents’ monopoly or on the opposite regarding the competition they have to deal with:

171-2. Can the enforcement agent carry out the following civil enforcement proceedings:

	Possibility to carry out the enforcement proceeding	Is it a monopoly?
Seizure of movable tangible properties		Yes No NAP
Seizure of immovable properties		Yes No NAP
Seizure from a third party of the debtor claims regarding a sum of money		Yes No NAP
Seizure of remunerations		Yes No NAP
Seizure of motorised vehicles		Yes No NAP
Eviction measures		Yes No NAP
Enforced sale by public tender of seized properties		Yes No NAP
Other		Yes No NAP

171-3. Apart of the enforcement of court decisions, what are the other activities that can be carried out by enforcement agents?

Service of judicial and extrajudicial documents

Debt recovery

Voluntary sale of moveable or immoveable property at public auction

Seizure of goods

Recording and reporting of evidence

Court hearings service

Provision of legal advice

Bankruptcy procedures

Performing tasks assigned by judges

Representing parties in courts

Drawing up private deeds and documents

Building manager

Other

172. Is there a specific initial training or exam to become an enforcement agent?

Yes No

172-1. Is there a system of mandatory general continuous training for enforcement agents?

Yes No

173. Is the profession of enforcement agents organised by:

a national body?

a regional body?

a local body?

NAP (the profession is not organised)

174. Are enforcement fees easily established and transparent for the court users?

Yes No

175. Are enforcement fees freely negotiated?

Yes No

176. Do laws provide any rules on enforcement fees (including those freely negotiated)?

Yes No

***

Please indicate the source for answering question 170:

8.1.2 Efficiency of enforcement services

177. Is there a body entrusted with supervising and monitoring the enforcement agents’ activity?

Yes No

178. Which authority is responsible for supervising and monitoring enforcement agents?

a professional body

the judge

the Ministry of Justice

the public prosecutor

other

If “other”, please specify:

179. Have quality standards been determined for enforcement agents?

Yes No

If yes, what are the quality criteria used?

180. If yes, who is responsible for establishing these quality standards?

a professional body

the judge

the Ministry of Justice

other

If “other”, please specify:

181. Is there a specific mechanism for executing court decisions rendered against public authorities, including supervising such execution?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

182. Is there a system for monitoring how the enforcement procedure is conducted by the enforcement agent?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

183. What are the main complaints made by users concerning the enforcement procedure? Please indicate a maximum of 3.

no execution at all

non execution of court decisions against public authorities

lack of information

excessive length

unlawful practices

insufficient supervision

excessive cost

other

If “other”, please specify:

184. Has your country prepared or established concrete measures to change the situation concerning the enforcement of court decisions – in particular as regards decisions against public authorities?

Yes No

If yes, please specify:

185. Is there a system measuring the length of enforcement procedures:

for civil cases? Yes No

for administrative cases? Yes No

186. As regards a decision on debt collection, please estimate the average timeframe to notify the decision to the parties who live in the city where the court sits (one option only):

○between 1 and 5 days

○between 6 and 10 days

○between 11 and 30 days

○more

If “more”, please specify: _______

187. Number of disciplinary proceedings initiated against enforcement agents.

If a disciplinary proceeding is undertaken because of several reasons, please count the proceedings only once and for the main reason.

Total number of initiated disciplinary proceedings (1+2+3+4)	_____/ NA / NAP
1. For breach of professional ethics	_____/ NA / NAP
2. For professional inadequacy	_____/ NA / NAP
3. For criminal offence	_____/ NA / NAP
4. Other	_____/ NA / NAP

If other, please specify:

188. Number of sanctions pronounced against enforcement agents.

Total number of sanctions (1+2+3+4+5)	_____/ NA / NAP
1. Reprimand	_____/ NA / NAP
2. Suspension	_____/ NA / NAP
3. Withdrawal from cases	_____/ NA / NAP
4. Fine	_____/ NA / NAP
5. Other	_____/ NA / NAP

If “other”, please specify. If a significant difference between the number of disciplinary proceedings and the number of sanctions exists, please indicate the reasons:

***

H.1 Please indicate the sources for answering questions 186, 187 and 188:

8.2 Execution of decisions in criminal matters

189. Which authority is in charge of the enforcement of judgments in criminal matters? (multiple options possible)

Judge

Public prosecutor

Prison and Probation Services

Other authority

Please specify his/her functions and duties (e.g. initiative or monitoring functions). If “other authority”, please specify:

190. Are the effective recovery rates of fines decided by a criminal court evaluated by studies?

Yes No

191. If yes, what is the recovery rate?

80-100% 50-79% less than 50%

Please indicate the source for answering this question:

9. Notaries

192. Number and type of notaries in your country. If you do not have notaries please skip to question 197.

Type of notaries	Number	NA	NAP
Total
private professionals (without control from public authorities)
private professionals under the authority (control) of public authorities
public agents
other

If “other”, please specify the status:

192-1. What are the access conditions to the profession of notary:

diploma

payment of a fee (e.g. purchasing office)

co-opting of peers

other

192-2. (Modified question) What is the duration of appointment of a notary?

Limited duration If limited, please indicate the duration in years: _______

Unlimited duration

[Question 193 non-existent]

194. Do notaries have duties (multiple options possible):

within the framework of civil procedure?

in the field of legal advice?

to certify the authenticity of legal deeds and certificates?

in the field of mediation?

other?

If “other”, please specify:

194-1. Do notaries have the monopoly when exercising their profession:

in civil procedure ?

in the field of legal advice ?

to authenticate deeds/certificates ?

in the field of mediation?

other ?

Please indicate any useful clarifications regarding the content of the notaries’ monopoly or on the opposite regarding the competition they have to deal with:

194-2. As well as these activities, what are the other ones that can be carried out by notaries?

Real estate transaction

Settlement of estates

Legality control of gambling activities

Authentication of documents

Translations

Signatures

Other

195. Is there an authority entrusted with supervising and monitoring the notaries’ work?

Yes No

196. If yes, which authority is responsible for supervising and monitoring notaries?

a professional body

the judge

the Ministry of Justice

the public prosecutor

the Ministry of Interior

other

If “other”, please specify:

196-1. Is there a system of general continuous training mandatory for all notaries?

Yes No

***

I.1 Please indicate the sources for answering question 192:

10. Court interpreters

197. Is the title of court interpreters protected?

Yes No

198. Is the function of court interpreters regulated by legal norms?

Yes No

199. Number of accredited or registered court interpreters:

______ / NA / NAP

200. Are there binding provisions regarding the quality of court interpretation within judicial proceedings?

Yes No

If yes, please specify (e.g. having passed a specific exam):

201. Are the courts responsible for selecting court interpreters?

Yes for recruitment and/or appointment for a specific term of office

for recruitment and/or appointment on an ad hoc basis, according to the specific needs of given proceedings

If no, please specify which authority selects court interpreters:

***

J.1 Please indicate the sources for answering question 199:

11. Judicial experts

202. In your system, what type of experts can be requested to participate in judicial procedures (multiple choice possible):

"expert witnesses", who are requested by the parties to bring their expertise to support their argumentation,

"technical experts" who put their scientific and technical knowledge on issues of fact at the court's disposal,

"legal experts" who might be consulted by the judge on specific legal issues or requested to support the judge in preparing the judicial work (but do not take part in the decision).

Other

If other, please specify:

202-1. Are there lists or databases of technical experts registered?

Yes No

Please, indicate any useful comment regarding these lists of experts if they do exist (e.g. : who decide of the registration on the list ? Is the registration limited in time ? does the expert take the oath ? how is his/her skill evaluated ? by whom ?)

203. Is the title of judicial experts protected?

Yes No

If appropriate, please explain the meaning of this protection:

203-1. Does the expert have an obligation of training?

Initial training Yes No

Continuous training Yes No

203-2. If yes, does this training concern:

the proceeding

the profession of expert

other

204. Is the function of judicial experts regulated by legal norms?

Yes No

204-1. On the occasion of a mission entrusted to him/her, does the expert have to report any potential conflicts of interest?

Yes No

205. Number of accredited or registered judicial / technical experts:

_____ / NA / NAP

205-1. Who sets the expert remuneration?

206. Are there binding provisions regarding the exercise of the function of judicial expert within judicial proceedings?

Yes No

If yes, please specify, in particular the given time to provide a technical report to the judge:

207. Are the courts responsible for selecting judicial experts?

Yes, for recruitment and/or appointment for a specific term of office

Yes, for recruitment and/or appointment on an ad hoc basis, according to the specific needs of given proceedings

If no, which authority selects judicial experts?

207-1. Does the judge control the progress of investigations?

Yes No

***

K.1 Please indicate the sources for answering question 205:

12. Foreseen reforms

208. Can you provide information on the current debate in your country regarding the functioning of justice? Are there foreseen reforms? Please inform whether these reforms are under preparation or have only been envisaged at this stage. Have innovative projects been implemented?

If possible, please observe the following categories:

1. (Comprehensive) reform plans

2. Budget

3. Courts and public prosecution services (e.g. powers and organisation, structural changes - e.g. reduction of the number of courts -, management and working methods, information technologies, backlogs and efficiency, court fees, renovations and construction of new buildings)

3.1. Access to justice and legal aid

4. High Judicial Council

5. Legal professionals (judges, public prosecutors, lawyers, notaries, enforcement agents, etc.): organisation, education and training, etc.

6. Reforms regarding civil, criminal and administrative laws, international conventions and cooperation activities

7. Enforcement of court decisions

8. Mediation and other ADR

9. Fight against crime

9.1. Prison system

9.2 Child friendly justice

9.3.Violence against partners

10. New information and communication technologies

11. Other

	Preparation of the budget	Arbitration and allocation of the budget	Day to day management of the budget	Evaluation and control of the use of the budget
Management Board
Court President
Court administrative director
Head of the court clerk office
Other

62.1 Basic facilities (micro-computers, internet connection and e-mail)

62.2 Advanced use of office automation tools (*) (shared folders on servers, shared planning, etc.)

62.5 Centralised legislative database

Yes

Linkage with other European records of the same nature Yes No

62.7 Are there writing assistance tools for which the content is coordinated at national level? (*) (models or templates, paragraphs already written, etc.)

Yes No

63. Technologies used for administration of the courts and case management

63.1 Is there a case management system(*) ? (software or group of softwares used for the recording of judicial proceedings and their management)

63.3 Are there statistics tools to measure courts activity? (tool, directly linked or not to the case management system of Q63.1, allowing to quantify among others the number of incoming, resolved and pending cases by type of case – e.g.: infocentres, data warehouse, etc.)

63.3-1 Please, indicate if the statistical system is able to produce extractions to count the following special litigations:

63.5 In what manner and to what extent statistical activity data of courts are used to allocate them human and financial resources?(*) (e.g.: use of the number of incoming cases to calculate the number of judges for one jurisdiction, etc.)

63.7 Measurement tools to assess the workload of judges, prosecutors and/or court clerks (tool quantifying the activity of judges, prosecutors and/or court clerks – for example the number of cases resolved)

63.8 Videoconferencing between courts (this solely concerns the use of audio-visual devices used for administration and court management – e.g.: coordination meetings between remote entities, training, etc.).

Use of information technologies to improve the quality of the service provided to the court users (technologies directly accessible to courts users without having recourse to a professional)

64.1 General-interest information websites (website designed for users, which presents courts missions, the organisation, judicial map, etc.)

64.2 Is there a possibility to submit a case to courts by electronic means(*)?(possibility to introduce a case by electronic means, for example an e-mail or a form on a website)

64.4 Is it possible to transmit summons to a judicial meeting or a hearing by electronic means? (a judicial meeting relates to stages prior to a court hearing, with a view to mediation or conciliation)

64.5 Is it possible to monitor the stages of an online judicial proceeding? (Consultation on a website of the progress of a judicial proceeding before the court from the submission of a case to its deliberation)

64.6 Are there possibilities of electronic communication between courts and lawyers? (sending of computer data contained in a judicial proceeding with or without scanned documents, mainly to develop dematerialised communication)

64.7 Terms and conditions of electronic communication used by professionals other than lawyers (sending of computer data contained in a judicial proceeding with or without scanned documents, mainly to develop dematerialised communication)

64.8 Is there a device for electronic signatures of documents between courts, users and/or professionals? (device ensuring the integrity of an electronic document based on an infrastructure of digital keys management)

64.9 Are there online processing devices of specialised litigation? (low value litigation, undisputed claims, preparatory phases to the resolution of family conflicts, etc. – please, specify in “comments” section)

64.10 Videoconferencing between courts, professionals and/or users (this does concern the use of audio-visual devices in the framework of judicial proceedings such as the hearing of parties, etc.)

65. Other aspects related to information technologies

Comments - questions 65.1 to 65.6:

64.2 Is there a possibility to submit a case to courts by electronic means()?*(possibility to introduce a case by electronic means, for example an e-mail or a form on a website)