Strasbourg, 14 February 2006                                                         T-PVS/Emerald (2006) 1

[T-PVS/Emerald01e_06 ]                                                                                                English only

CONVENTION ON THE conservation of EUROPEAN wildlife

and natural habitats

Group of Experts for the setting up

of the Emerald Network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest

---ooOoo---

Emerald Network Pilot Project in Serbia and Montenegro

- Report-

Document established by

the Malta Environment & Planning Authority



                           

 ESTABLISHING  EMERALD NETWORK IN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO

                                                                                      Prepared by Ana Pajević

                                   Ministry of environmental protection and physical planning

Podgorica, Montenegro

                                                       December, 2005


TABLE OF CONTEST

- Background

- Emerald Network in Serbia and Montenegro

- Emerald Network project team

- List of Emerald team

- Activities carry out in a framework of pilot project

-  List of nature conservation designation types according to national     legislation

- List of endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures            in Serbia and Montenegro (Resolution No 4 (1996))

- List of species requiring specific habitat conservation measures in Serbia       and Montenegro (Resolution No. 6 (1998) of the Standing Committee

- List of biogeographical zones in country

- Selection of potential Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCI)

- Problems and solutions

- Follow up activities

- Proposal for expansion of Emerald species list

- Annex 1. List of endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation             measures in Serbia and Montenegro (Resolution No. 4 (1996)

- Annex 2. List of species requiring specific habitat conservation measures in   Serbia and Montenegro (Resolution No. 6 (1998) of the Standing    Committee

- Annex 3. Maps of selected site in Serbia and Montenegro

- Annex 4. Proposal for expansion of Emerald species list

- Annex 5. Workplan of project acitivities

- Annex 6. Financial statement of expenditure with the breakdown of the costs

Background

The territory of Serbia and Montenegro (SCG), with an area of 102,173 km2, makes only 0.07% of the entire world’s land, and 2.1% of the European continent.  Along a 600 km horizontal transect, from the Montenegrin coast in the southwest through Pannonian Plain (Vojvodina) in the north, and along the vertical transect in the mountains of Serbia and Montenegro, segments/equivalents of almost all major European zonobiomes are represented (Mediterranean evergreen forests along the Adriatic coast, sub-Mediterranean mixed-deciduous forests and scrubs in Mediterranean hinterlands, deciduous forests in lowland, hilly and montane zones, boreal-type forests in subalpine belts, steppes and forest-steppes in Vojvodina; also, the high-alpine and oro-Mediterranean "oro-biomes" above the timber line in high-montane regions). In more generalized respect, 5 out of the 12 principal terrestrial biomes of the world may be distinguished, and the complex of marine biota may be regarded as the sixth biome.

Serbia and Montenegro may be divided into four distinct geographical/orographic entities:

§  Northern lowland part, belonging to the Pannonian Plain;

§  Central part – mountains, hills and valleys of the Balkan mainland; and

§  Adriatic coast in Montenegro;

§  Adriatic Sea.

Biogeographically, the territory of Serbia and Montenegro may be divided into the five regions (Mediterranean, Central European, Pontic-Southsiberian, Circum-boreal and Central-South-European montane regions), 8 subregions and 20 provinces (STEVANOVIĆ, 1995).

It is situated between three principal eco-climatic regions of Europe: northern (boreal and temperate), eastern (Pontic) and southern (Mediterranean). General biogeographical characteristics are locally modified and diversified by varied orographic and petrographic composition of the territory, as well as by complex history of the flora and fauna, during the late Tertiary and Pleistocene, resulting in the complex composition of the biota and ecosystems, and their mosaic distribution.  The territory of Serbia and Montenegro encompasses some of the most important Ice Age refuge regions of Europe.  Southern location of Yugoslav territorial waters, within the Adriatic Sea Basin, accounts for the relatively great diversity of marine biota.

Being located in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula bordering south-eastern Pannonian Plain, at the crossroads of varying biogeographical impacts and routes, the biota in Serbia and Montenegro are, generally, very rich and varied, relative to the other countries and regions in Europe of comparable size.  As usual, when such large and diversified segments of biota are considered, the availability of the basic information on the floristic/faunal composition, distribution, basic taxonomy, etc. is quite heterogeneous, hence the reliability of diverse conclusions is also variable.

Serbia and Montenegro is among the floristically most diverse parts of the Balkan Peninsula, comparable only to Greece and Bulgaria.  According to the international criteria of IUCN-WMC, the territory of FR Serbia and Montenegro, together with the mountainous area of Bulgaria, represents one of the six European and one of the 153 world’s centres of floristic diversity.  Within its territory, 44.28% of the native mosses and 38.93% of the vascular plants of Europe are found; it comprises about 60% of plant species in the flora of the Balkan Peninsula (7,500).

According to the most recent estimates, flora of Serbia and Montenegro comprises around 1,400 species of freshwater algae, 1,500 species of marine algae, 565 species of mosses, and 4,182 taxa (3,905 species and 277 subspecies, classified in 888 genera and 157 families) of vascular plants, which places Serbia and Montenegro among European countries with the greatest floristic diversity and density per unit area (Tab. 1).  The extraordinary taxonomical richness of the Yugoslav vascular flora is obvious in comparison with that of the whole of Europe, which comprises some 11,000 species, in 1,541 genera and 203 families.  In addition to the plants, some 516 species of lichens are recorded, and the mycoflora includes around 1,000 recorded species of macromycetes (the latter estimated at 3,500-4,500 species).

The share of endemic, endemo-relict and relict plants greatly contribute to the richness and diversity of the flora of Serbia and Montenegro, being specific and different from other parts of Europe.  The number of Balkan endemics in Serbia and Montenegro is particularly great, amounting to 392 taxa (species or subspecies), which accounts for 9.15% of the flora of Serbia and Montenegro.

The predominant kind of endemism in Serbia and Montenegro, as well as in the Balkans generally, is the high-mountain one. The greatest diversity centres of endemic flora are mainly high mountains, such as Prokletije, Šar-Planina, Koritnik, Paštrik, Kopaonik, Stara Planina and Suva Planina, with 31-90 endemic species recorded per 100 sq km (UTM 10 x 10 km).  In addition to high-mountain endemism, the edaphic endemism i.e. that related to particular bedrock is also great.  Of special interest are serpentine habitats, particularly in W. and C. Serbia and Metohia, inhabited with ophiolitic endemic flora.

Of particular global significance and great scientific interest are endemics restricted to the territory of Serbia and Montenegro – the local endemics; there are 87 locally endemic plants, that makes ca 2% of the total vascular flora of Serbia and Montenegro, or 22% of the total endemic flora of Serbia and Montenegro. Particularly large number of locally endemic plants inhabit the mountains of Prokletije and Šar-Planina. Among local endemics, of particular significance are those belonging to endemic Balkan genera, like: Pancicia (P. serbica), Protoedraianthus (P. tarae), Petteria (P. rhamentacea), Halascya (H. sendtneri), Amphoricarpus (A. neumayeri, A. autariatus, A. bertisceus); also, some subendemic genera are also very important, particularly Ramonda (R. serbica, R. nathaliae) and Edraianthus (ca. 20 Balkan endemics).

Local endemics are mostly of Tertiary origin (paleostenoendemics, endemo-relicts). Generally, relicts in the vascular flora of Serbia and Montenegro are of particular importance as potential genetical resources.  These ancient plants are principally distributed in southern areas, scattered throughout the Mediterranean, but in only a few other parts of Europe.  In Serbia and Montenegro they occupy specific habitats, primarily canyons, gorges and mountain tops, as well as the remaining enclaves of steppe regions in Vojvodina.  According to their age of origin, the relicts are classified into Tertiary, glacial, boreal, and xerothermal elements.

The basic knowledge about the diversity of many animal taxa, and in particular, about the status of threat, is rather scanty, with the exception of a limited number of groups – principally the vertebrates, butterflies, and a few others (Tab. 2).

The estimated number of insects (>37,000) is certainly among the highest in Europe, but these numbers can not be appropriately verified (except for the best studied groups and some general numeric regularities); nevertheless, entomofauna comprise as much as 30 (out of about 35 known) insect orders and over 70% of known insect families.  The number of the so far examined non-insect invertebrates is estimated to be approximately 15,000. About 465 fish (Chondrichthyes and Osteicthyes) and lampreys (Cephalaspidomorpha) species were recorded in the waters of Serbia and Montenegro, of which some 115 species live in freshwaters and more than 405 in the Adriatic Sea.  There are 70 species of amphibians and reptiles, 382 species of birds and 96 species of terrestrial mammals that were also recorded within the territory of Serbia and Montenegro.

Out of stated 382 species of birds, which are either regularly, occasionally or potentially present in Serbia and Montenegro, the number of regularly occurring species is 333, of which there are 260 species of breeding birds; comparing this parameter, as most relevant for biodiversity assessments, with the total of 300 species of breeding birds in the whole of the Balkan Peninsula, we may conclude that Serbia and Montenegro supports 87% of Balkan diversity, the percentage which is much higher than in many other countries.  Similarly, we may establish that Serbia and Montenegro harbours 51.16% of the European fish fauna, 74.03% of the European birds and 67.61% of the European mammals.  The percentage for the amphibians and reptiles (combined) is somewhat less remarkable – 25.27%, but this is largely due to the extremely great faunistic riches of some small periphery areas of Europe; otherwise, just a few individual countries have the number of taxa similar to Serbia and Montenegro (Italy and Greece – 74 species each, Spain – 66).

Emerald Network in Serbia and Montenegro

A Pilot Project was launched in January 2005 in order to start the implementation of the Emerald Network in Serbia and Montenegro, under the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning Republic of Montenegro.

Serbia and Montenegro is in the process of ratification of the Bern Convention and has taken fully into consideration the provisions of the Convention and in particular Recommendation No. 16 (1989) and Resolution No. 3 (1996).  The Emerald Pilot Project is intended to serve as a ground for accelerating the process of accession of Serbia and Montenegro to the Bern Convention and can be used to define more areas of national importance for nature conservation.

Emerald Network project team

The national Emerald network team was formed after signing the project contract. The team consists of 28 experts.  The team was mainly based on capacity from Institute for nature protection, University of natural sciences and Natural history museum from both republics.  The project team leader and technical expert is representative of the Ministries of Environment, which is responsible for project implementation.

List of Emerald team:

      Republic of Montenegro

  1. Ana Pajević, team leader
  2. M.Sc. Snežana Vuksanović, flora expert
  3. M.Sc. Snežana Dragićević, flora expert
  4. M.Sc. Sead Hadžiablahović, flora expert
  5. M.Sc. Danka Petrović, flora expert
  6. M.Sc. Vesna Mačić, marine biologiest
  7. M.Sc. Vasilije Bušković, protected area expert
  8. Darko Saveljić, ornithologiest
  9. M.Sc. Gordana Kasom, micologiest
  10. M.Sc.Jelena Nikcevic, entomologiest

Republic of Serbia

  1. Ph.Dr Dmitar Lakušić, botanist and habitat expert
  2. Ph.Dr Lidija Amidžić, botanist, protected area expert
  3. Ph.Dr Aleksandar Ćetković, entomologiest
  4. Ph.Dr Predrag Jakšić, entomologiest
  5. M.Sc Gordana Tomović, botanist
  6. M.Sc Srdjan Stamenković, mammologist
  7. M.Sc Marjan Niketić, botanist
  8. M.Sc Jasmina Šinžar-Sekulić, GIS expert
  9. Dijana Žukovec, technical assistent
  10. Irena Djalić, technical assistent
  11. Dragan Pavićević, entomologiest
  12. Nataša Pil, entomologiest
  13. Nenad Sekulić, ihtyologist, protected area expert
  14. Rastko Ajtić, herpetologist
  15. Danko Jović, herpetologist
  16. Goran Sekulić, ornitologiest
  17. Nikola Stojnić, ornitologiest
  18. Jelena Dučić-technical expert

Activities carry out in a framework of pilot project

The Emerald Workshop

The workshop was held on 26-27 April 2005 in Podgorica, Republic of Montenegro in order to introduce the national team to the principle and technical aspects of the Emerald network and organize training for the team.  The session was managed by working presidency: Ms.Ana Pajevic, project manager for the Emerald network in S&M, Mr. Eladio Fernandez Galiano and Mr. Mark Roekaerts from the Council of Europe.

Mr. Eladio Fernandez Galiano presented a hole activities of the Council of Europe and explained the legal framework of the Emerald network and the criteria for selection of ASCI and introduced the following relevant Emerald documentation.

Mr. Mark Roekaerts, expert for Emerald software presented the final version of the Emerald network software and explained step by step the introduction of data into the software by interactive work on a specific task.

Also, a representative from the Ministry of science and environmental protection, Republic of Serbia and a representative from the Institute for nature protection, Republic of Montenegro gave a detailed overview of biodiversity conditions and the legislative framework in respective republics.

The software was installed both in the Institute for nature protection in the Republic of Montenegro and in the Institute for nature protection in the Republic of Serbia.

List of nature conservation designation types according to national legislation

In Serbia and Montenegro, several laws regulate nature protection on a republican level, such as the Environment Law, Law on Nature Protection, Law on coastal zones, the Law on National Parks and the Directive on protection of natural rarities.

 

There are no overall strategic documents on biodiversity management or a policy in terms of nature conservation.

There are 5 national parks in Serbia[1], and 4 national parks in Montenegro and larger number of protected areas.

A total of 8.836.100 ha or 5.93%  of the Serbian territory is under protection regime ( 5 national parks, 72 nature reserves, 13 natural parks, 31 cultural and historical important areas, 13 landscape and 256 monuments of nature).  The Landscape Spatial Plane of the Republic of Serbia (1996) projects planned to protect 10% of the territory by the year 2010.  In Serbia national legislation currently provides for the protection of 215 plant and 427 animal species.

A total of 98,570 ha or 7.14% of the Montenegrins territory is under protection regime (4 national park, 4 reserves of nature and 51 monuments of nature).  The most important natural resources in Montenegro are 4 national parks.  In Montenegro national legislation currently provides for the protection of 314 animal and 57 plant species.

A number of nature areas have been recognized as internationally significant.   Among these are the Obed Swamps and the Ludas Lake, Skadar Lake and Carska bara - Stari Begej and Slano Kopovo (Ramsar Wetland of International Significance). Others include the Durmitor-National Park, which includes part of the Tara River Canyon and the Kotor-Risan-Bay (a World Natural Heritage site), the Tara River Basin (UNESCO-MAB) and the Golija Biosphere Reserve (UNESCO MAB). 

Protected Areas (PA), at present in Montenegro

(i) PAs by national legislature

Name and national category of the PAs

IUCN mangm category

Area (hectares)

Percentage of the State territry (13.812 km2)

National parks

II

83.000

6,01%

Skadar lake

II

40.000

Lovćen

II

6.400

Durmitor

II

31.200

Biogradska gora

II

5.400

Nature monuments

III / V

7.733

0.6%

Gorge Đalovića

III / V

1.600

Cave Lipska

III / V

/

Cave Magara

III / V

/

Cave Globočica

III / V

/

Cave near to Trnovo / Virpazar

III / V

/

Cave Babatuša

III / V

/

Cave Novakovića near to Tomaševo

III / V

/

Pothole Duboki do in Njegušima

III / V

/

Canyon of Piva river  (downstream of the dam Mratinje)

III / V

1.700

Canyon of Komarnica river

III / V

2.300

Association of Pinetum mughi montenegrinum located at Ljubišnja (1.000ha) , Durmitor (5.200ha) and Bjelasica (400ha)

III / V

1.000

Association of Pinus heldraichii) located at Orjen (300ha), Lovćen (300ha) and Rumija (100ha)

III / V

400

Beaches at the Skadar lake shore

III / V

/

Beach Velika Ulcinjska

III / V

600

Beach Mala Ulcinjska

III / V

1,5

Beach Valdanos

III / V

3

Beach Velji pijesak

III / V

0,5

Beach Topolica, Bar

III / V

2

Beach Sutomore

III / V

4

Beach Lučica, Petrovac

III / V

0,9

Beach Čanj

III / V

3,5

Beach Pećin

III / V

1,5

Beach Buljarica

III / V

4

Petrovačka Beach

III / V

1,5

Beach Drobni pijesak

III / V

1

Beach Sveti Stefan

III / V

4

Beach Miločer

III / V

1

Becicka Beach

III / V

5

Beach Slovenska, Budva

III / V

4

Beach Mogren

III / V

2

Beach Jaz

III / V

4

Beach Pržno

III / V

2

Hill Savinska Dubrava in Herceg Novi

III / V

35,46

Botanical reserve of laurel and oleandera above the spring Sopot near to Risan

III / V

40

Botanical garden of the mountain flora in Kolašin

III / V

0,64

Botanical garden of general Kovačević in Grahovo

III / V

0,93

Park “13 jul”, and “Njegošev park” in Cetinje

III / V

7,83

Park near to hotel Boka in Herceg Novi

III / V

1,2

City park in Tivat

III / V

3

Park of the Castle at Topolica

III / V

2

Areas of Exeptional Natural Values

III

322,5

0,02%

Hill Spas above Budva

III

131

Cape Ratac with Žukotrljica

III

30

Island Stari Ulcinj

III

2,5

Hill Trebjesa, Nikšić

III

159

Other PAs  – protected by municipality regulations

III

15.000

1.08%

Kotor – Risan bay, Municipality Kotor

III

15.000

Nature Reserves

I

500

0.03%

- In NP Skadar lake: Manastirska tapija, Pančeva oka, Crni žar, Grmožur i Omerova gorica

I

420

- In NP Durmitor: Crna Poda

I

80

In TOTAL, under national protection

106.655 

7.72%

Protected Areas by international legislature

Name and internationa categoty of the PAs

Area (hectares)

Percentage of the State territry (13.812 km2)

a) Tare River basin – The World Biosphere Reserve - M&B, UNESCO

including 

b) NP Durmitor with canyon of Tara River, protected as World Heritage site – UNESCO(natural)

182.899

Kotor-Risani bay -  World Heritage site – UNESCO (cultural) including Town Kotor as an endangered  World Heritage site

15.000

Skadar lake  – Ramsar site (area of the Nacionalni Park)

40.000

In TOTAL, under international protection

237.899

17,2%

Planned[2] Protected Areas

Protected area

IUCN mngm. categor.

Area (hectares)

Percentage of State territory (13.812 km2)

National Parks

II

14.000

Prokletije

II

14.000

Regional Parks

III

124.200

Orjen mt.

III

19.000

Rumija mt.

III

12.200

Komovi mt.

III

21.000

Sinjajevina mt with Šaranci

III

42.400

Maglic, Bioc & Volujak mts

III

7.200

Ljubišnja mt.

III

7.800

Turjak mt and Hajla mt

III

14.600

Natural monuments

III (alt V)Š1Ć

>2.000 (č5.800)

Platije – middle part of Canyon Moraca River

III

Has not been defined, yet

Cijevna river Canyon up to village Dinosa

III

2.000

Mala Rijeka River Canyon

III

Has not been defined, yetŠ2Ć

Protected Landscapes

III

117.300

Visitor & Zeletin mts

III

31.000

Beech forests on Obzovica mt.

III

300

Catchment Area of Moraca River

III

86.000

In total, planned PAs                                                          257.500 (č261.300)

18,9%

Protected Areas (PA), at present in Serbia

Category A

Zaštićena prirodna baština /Protected areas

Number

Area ( ha)

    1. Nacionalni parkovi National parks

    2. Parkovi prirode Nature parks

    3. predeli izuzetnih odlika Areas of Exeptional Natural Values

5

15

15

159986

238135

32026

     4. Strogi  rezervati prirode Strict Nature Reserves 

     5.Specijalni rezervati prirode Special Nature Reserves 

50

20

2402

81427

     6.SPOMENICI PRIRODE  Nature monuments 

  

    6.a. Dendro-botanički/ dendro-botanical: (znamenita stabla i grupe stabala/tree-monument and tree groups, drvoredi/alley, park šume/park-wood, botanički lokaliteti/botanical locality, parkovi/parks, male šumske sastojine/ small wood content)

282

221

7779

     6.b.Objekti geo-nasledja/ Natural monument of geological features: (klisure i kanjon/ gorge and canyon, pećine i kraške jame/caves and carst pit, izvori i vrela/spring, prerasti i prozorci/overgrow, vidikovci/viewing spot,drugi oblici reljefa/other shape of relievo, značajna geološka mesta/important geological areas)

60

     7. KULTURNO-ISTORIJSKI PREDELI Areas of cultural   and historical significance

     (memorijalni prirodni spomenici  prostori oko nepokretnih

     kulturnih dobara/ Memorial natural monument and Natural area around cultural heritage site or monument

37

3565

Total

424

524320

Category B:

ZAŠTIĆENE VRSTE DIVLJE FLORE I FAUNE/PROTECTED WILD FLORA AND FAUNA SPECIES –Regulation of the Governament about protection of natural rarities (1993) and Regulation of the Governament puting under control of using and trade wild flora and fauna  (2005)

1.PRIRODNE RETKOSTI/ NATURAL  RARITIES PLANT SPECIES: 215 taxa species and sub- species wild flora, 427 taxa wild fauna.

2. KONTROLISANE VRSTE/CONTROL SPCIES: 3 specis of lichen , 15 fungi species, 152 planta species and 9 fauna species.


List of endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures in Serbia and Montenegro (Resolution No. 4 (1996))

According to Resolution No. 6 (1998) of the Standing Committee national team have identified 315 endangered natural habitat in Serbia and Montenegro.

See Annex 1. of this report.

List of species requiring specific habitat conservation measures in Serbia and Montenegro (Resolution No. 6 (1998) of the Standing Committee)

According to Resolution No 4 (1996) national team have identified 199 fauna species and 24 flora species in Serbia and Montenegro.

See Annex 2. of this report.

List of biogeographical zones in country

Following biogeographical regions are present in Serbia and Montenegro:

- Panonnian

- Continental

- Alpine

- Mediterranean.

Selection of potential Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCI)

After identification of Emerald species listed in Resolution No.6 (1998) and Emerald habitat listed in Resolution No. 4 (1996) present in Serbia and Montenegro, potential Areas of Special Conservation Interest (ASCI) were selected based on the criteria listed in the Recommendation No. 16 (1989).

The selected sites are:

  1. National park ’’Durmitor’’ with basin of Tara river, UNESCO World Natural Heritage List, 32.000 ha
  2. National park ’’Kopaonik’’, IBA site, IPA site, PBA site, 31.386 ha
  3. National park ’’Skadarsko jezero’’, Ramsar site, 40.000 ha
  4. Beach Velika ulcinjska and Solana, monument of nature, 2.068 ha
  5. Gorge Dajlovic, monument of nature,1.600 ha
  6. Deliblatska peščara send-pit, special nature reserves, IBA site, IPA site, 35.837 ha
  7. Wetland of Obedska bara, special nature reserves, Ramsar site, IBA site, IPA site, 9.863 ha
  8. Area of Gornje podunavlje, special nature reserves, IBA site, IPA site, PBA site, 19.378 ha
  9. Metohijske Prokletije, in process of protection, IBA site, IPA site, PBA site, 155.396 ha
  10. Vlasina, in process of protection, IBA site, IPA site 8.612 ha

Sites have been chosen with total area of 336.113 ha.

For each of the mentioned sites a special Standard data form was filed to the Emerald software version 2.0.

See Annex 3. Map of selected site in Serbia and Montenegro.

-Problems and solutions

During the realization of Emerald pilot project national team identified some problems:

-          Lack of data base for vegatation, especally for certain areas. Existing data is not in accordance with modern habitats classification system

-          Information are fragmented and outdated

-          Different stage of the research among certain areas

-          Large number of endemic species which exist in Serbia and Montenegro have  not been include in Emerald list

-          Lack of experience in applying habitats classification system

-          Lack of experience in Assessment for the Habitat (Representatively, Relative Surface, Conservation Status, Conservation of functions, Restoration possibilities) and Species (Size and density of the population,  Degree of conservation, Restoration possibilities, etc.)

-          Legislative basis for establishment of the Emerald still is not finally set;

-          Technical problems with  software

National team have been participated in a varius workshops in a field of nature protection and protected areas. In a framework of REReP project '' Promotion of networks and exchange in counties of South-Eastern Europe'' montenegrian experts exchange experiance with bulgarian and albanian experts about system of protected areas, Emerald network, costrains and problems in this project.

National team also introduce and promote Emerald network in Serbia and Montenegro on different TV stations and through educational programme.

Follow up activities

The country intends to carry out the secound implementation phaze (during 2006) by identifying 80% of the potential ACSIs.

In second phaze the work of team of expert will be focused in more areas where little work is done so far e.g. in the field of marine habitats and habitats proposed to be include in a category of protected areas. Special assesment activities are required to obtain information of  these species and sites.

Future work for developing Emerald network in Serbia and Montenegro will greatly benefit from information and research through the UNDP projects such us Biodiversity Strategy,  and other ongoing programmes targeted protected areas.

Proposal for expansion of Emerald species list

National team analyze which species should be added to the Emerald lists considering some specifications of Serbia and Montenegro.

Regarding the expansion of species list, the expert group decided to add the following species:

-          local endemic species

-          sub-endemic species

-          marine species from the list of the Barcelona convention

See Annex 4. of this report.


Annexe 1

List of endangered natural habitats requiring specific conservation measures in Serbia and Montenegro

Code

HABITAT

Total Serbia&Mon

Serbia

Montenegro

Common   S&M

315

150

95

71

  1.

COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC COMMUNITIE

11.

OCEAN AND SEAS, MARINE COMMUNITIES

!11.2

Benthic communities

+

+

!11.22

Sublittoral soft seabeds

+

+

!11.24

Sublittoral rocky seabeds and kelp forests

+

+

!11.25

Sublittoral organogenic concretions

+

+

!11.26

Sublittoral cave communities

+

+

!11.27

Soft sediment littoral communities

+

+

!11.3

Sea-grass meadows

+

+

!11.4

Brackish sea vascular vegetation

+

+

!11.42

Marine spike-rush beds

+

+

13

ESTUARIES AND TIDAL RIVERS

+

!13.2

Estuaries

+

?

!14.

MUD FLATS AND SAND FLATS

+

+

15.

SALTMARSHES, SALT STEPPES, SALT SCRUBS, SALT FORESTS

!15.115

Continental glasswort swards <Salicornia europaea>

+

+

!15.11511

Pannonian <Salicornia europaea> swards

+

+

!15.11512

Pannonian seablite swards

+

+

!15.11513

Pannonian saltswort communities

+

+

!15.141

Ponto-Pannonian<Acorellus>communities

+

+

!15.142

Central-eurasian<Crypsis>communities

+

+

!15.143

Central-eurasian<Chenopodium>

+

+

!15.4

Suboceanic inland salt meadows

+

+

!15.41

Interior European saltmarsh grass meadows

+

+

!15.42

Interior European saltmarsh rush and couch beds

+

+

!15.5

Mediterranean salt meadows

+

+

16

COASTAL SAND DUNES AND SAND BEACHES

+

+

!16.2

Dunes

+

+

2.

NON-MARINE WATERS

22

STANDING FRESH WATER

!22.1

Permanent ponds and lakes

+

+

!22.11

Lime-deficient oligotrophic waterbodies

+

+

+

!22.146

Aldrovanda communities

+

+

!22.3

Amphibious communities

+

+

!22.31

Euro-Siberian perennial amphibious communities

+

+

!22.312

<Eleocharis> swards

+

+

!22.321

Dwarf spike-rush communities<Eleocharis>

+

+

!22.323

Dwarf toad-rush communities

+

+

!22.3232

Small galingale swards <Cyperus>

+

+

!22.3233

Wey ground dwarf herb communities

+

+

!22.34

Mediterraneo-Atlantic amphibious communities

+

+

!22.341

Short Mediterranean amphibious swards

+

+

!22.3414

Mediterranean small galingale swards

+

+

!22.3415

Mediterranean [Fimbristylis] swards

+

+

!22.3419

Mediterranean dwarf [Scirpus] swards

+

+

!22.341A

Mediterranean [Eleocharis] swards

+

+

!22.342

Tall Mediterranean amphibious swards

+

+

!22.344

Serapias grasslands

+

+

!22.351

Pannonic riverbank dwarf sedge communities  <Carex>

+

+

22,4

Euhydrophyte communities

+

+

22,41

Free-floating vegetation

+

+

!22.412

Frogbit rafts<Hydrocharis morsus-ranae> 

+

+

!22.413

Water-soldier raftd<Stratiotes aloides> 

+

+

!22.414

Bladderwort colonies<Utricularia> spp.

+

+

!22.415

Salvinia covers

+

+

!22.416

Aldrovanda communities

+

+

22,43

Rooted floating vegetation

+

+

22,432

Shallow-water floating communities

+

+

!22.4321

Water crowfoot  communities<Ranunculus sect. Bratrachium>

+

+

!22.4323

Water violet bads<Hottonia palustris> 

+

+

!22.44

Chandalier algae submerged carpets

+

+

!22.5

Turlough and lake-bottom meadows

+

+

23.

STANDING BRACKISH AND SALT WATER

!23.11

Athalassall saline lakes

+

+

!23.12

Submerged charophyte carpets in inland saline or hypersaline
waterbodies

+

+

!23.13

Salt basin benthic communities

+

+

!23.14

Exposed unvegetated beaches of inland saline and brackish waters with soft sediments

+

+

24.

RUNNING WATER

!24.2

River gravel banks

+

+

!24.21

Unvegetated river gravel banks

+

+

!24.22

Sparsely vegetated river gravel banks

+

+

!24.221

Boreo-alpine stream gravel communities

+

+

!24.222

Montane river gravel communities

+

+

  3. 

SCRUB AND GRASSLAND

31.

TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB

+

+

!31.2

European dry heaths

+

+

!31.22

Sub-Atlantic [Calluna] - [Genista] heaths

+

+

31,4

Alpine and boreal heaths

+

+

!31.46

Bruckenthalia heaths            

+

+

!31.461

Rhodopide [Bruckenthalia] heaths

+

+

!31.462

North-western Hellenide [Bruckenthalia] heaths

+

+

!31.463

Carpatho-Balkanic [Bruckenthalia] heaths

+

+

!31.4631

Balkan range [Bruckenthalia] heaths

+

+

!31.7

Hedgehog‑heaths

+

+

!31.78

Helleno-Balkanic sylvatic [Astragalus] hedgehog-heaths

+

+

!31.782

Moesian [Astragalus angusiifolius] hedgehog-heaths

+

+

!31.8B1

Pannonic and sub‑Pannonic thickets

+

+

!31.8B121

Peri-Pannonic ground cherry scrub

+

+

!31.8B122

Peri-Pannonic dwarf almond scrub

+

+

!31.8B125

Danubian hawthorn scrub

+

+

!31.8B131

Peri-Pannonic hawthorn-blackthorn scrub

+

+

!31.8B133

Pannonic wig tree-manna ash thickets

+

+

32

SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB

32,2

Thermo-Mediterranean shrub formations

+

+

!32.22

Tree-spurge formations

+

+

33.

Phrygana

+

+

34.

STEPPES AND DRY CALCAREOUS GRASSLANDS

!34.112

Houseseleek communities<Semperivivum> <Jovibarba>

+

+

!34.3

Dense perennial grasslands and middle European steppes

+

+

!34.311

Helleno-Balkanic [Satureja montana] steppes

+

+

!34.3161

Moesian-Carpathian steppes

+

+

!34.31612

Moesian-Carpathian andropogonid steppes

+

+

!34.3163

Moesian-Carpathian meadow steppes

+

+

!34.31632

Moesian<Chrysopogon>meadow-steppes

+

+

!34.31633

Moesian<Danthonia><Sieglinga>meadow-steppes

+

+

34.32 

Sub-Atlanticsemi-dry calcareous grassland

+

+

34,329

Illyrian (Mesobromion) grasslands

+

+

!34.3292

Illyrian<Seslaria>grasslands

+

+

!34.37

Serpentine steppes

+

+

!34.5

Mediterranean xeric grasslands

+

+

!34.53

East Mediterranean xeric grassland

+

+

!34.532

Helleno-Balkanic communities and terophyt

+

+

!34.9

Continental steppes

+

+

!34.911

Pannonic loess steppes

+

+

!34.912

Pannonic tall forb meadow-steppes

+

+

!34.913

Pannonic tall forb meadow-steppes

+

+

!34.914

Pannonic loess pastures

+

+

!34.A

Sand steppes

+

+

!34.AIII

Drooping brome pioneer swards

+

+

!34.A112

Corispermum pioneer swards

+

+

!34.A1213

Southern Pannonic calciphile sand fescue steppes

+

+

!34.A12122

Southern Pannonic feathergrass sand steppes

+

+

!34.A132

Deliblat <Festuca wagneri> sand steppes

+

+

!34.A14

Pannonic closed sand steppes

+

+

!34.A15

Pannonic sand puszta

+

+

!34.A12122

Southern Pannonic feathergrass sand steppes

+

+

35

DRY SILICEOUS GRASSLANDS

!35.1

Atlantic mat-grass swards and related communities

+

+

!35.11

Mat-grass swards <Nardus stricta>

+

+

!35.115

Illyrian mat-grass swards

+

+

!35.7

Mediterraneo-montane mat-grass swards

+

+

!35.73

Balkanic montane mat-grass swards

+

+

37

HUMID GRASSLAND AND TALL HERB COMMUNITIES

!37.2

Eutrophic humid grasslands

+

+

!37.21

Atlantic and sub-Atlantic humid meadows

+

+

!37.213

<Deschampsia caespitosa>meadows

+

+

!37.215

<Polygonium bistorta> meadows

+

+

!37.217

<Juncus effusus>meadows

+

+

!37.219

<Scirpus sylvaticus>meadows

+

+

!37.23

Subcontinental riverine meadows

+

+

!37.24

Flood swards and related communities

+

+

!37.241

Tall rush pastures          

+

+

!37.2424

<Agropyrum repens> swards

+

+

!37.25

Transitional tall herb humid meadows

+

+

!37.263

Dunabian-Pannonian riverian and humid meadows

+

+

!37.3

Oligotrophic humid grasslands     

+

+

!37.31

[Molinia caerulea] meadows and related communities

+

+

!37.313

Giant moorgrass swards         

+

+

!37.33

Continental oligotrophic humid grasslands                                             

+

+

!37.711

Angelica archangelica fluvial  communities

+

+

!37.713

Marsh mallow screens<Althaea officinalis>

+

+

!38.25

Continental meadows

+

+

!38.251

Ponto-Pannonian mezofilian high meadows

+

+

 4.

FORESTS

41.

BROAD-LEAVED DECIDUOUS FORESTS

!41.1

Beech forests

+

+

!41.19

Moesian beech forests

+

+

!41.1C

Illyrian beech forests

+

+

!41.1C222

Illyrian low-montane neutrophile fir-beech forests

+

+

!41.1C3

Illyrian thermophile beech forests

+

+

!41.1C31

Illyrian coastal beech forests

+

+

!41.1C32

Illyrian inland calciphile beech forests

+

+

!41.1C323

Illyrian (Acer obtusatum) beech forests

+

+

!41.1C4

Illyrian subalpine beech forests

+

+

!41.19312

<Prunus laurocerasus><Fagus>beech forests Old mountains(Blacanian mn.)

+

+

!41.2

Oak-hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2A

Illyrian oak - hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2A1

Illyrian sessile oak-hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2A12

Illyrian neutrocline sessile oak-hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2A2

Illyrian pedunculate oak-hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2B1

Pannonic hygrophile ash-oak-hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2B2

Peri-Pannonic acidophile oak-hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2C

Southeastern European oak - hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2C3

Moesian oak-hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2C31

Moesian mesophile oak-hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.2C32

Moesian thermophile oak-hornbeam forests

+

+

!41.4

Mixed ravine and slope forests

+

+

!41.462

Moesian ravine and slope forests

+

+

!41.463

Illyrian ravine forests

+

+

!41.4632

Illyrian mixed sycamore ravine forests

+

+

!41.5

Acidophilous oak forests

+

+

!41.57

Medio-European acidophilous [Quercus] forests

+

+

!41.7

Thermophilous and supra-Mediterranean oak woods

+

+

!41.73

Eastern [Quercus pubescens] woods

+

+

!41.74

Italo-Illyrian [Ostrya carpinifolia] sub-thermophilous [Quercus]

+

+

!41.736

Dalmatian white oak woods

+

+

!41.737

Eastern sub-Mediterranean white oak woods

+

+

!41.7372

Moesian white oak woods

+

+

!41.7374

Pannonian [Quercus pubescens] woods

+

+

!41.7375

Illyrian [Quercus pubescens]

+

+

!41.74

Italo-Illyrian [Ostrya carpinifolia] sub-thermophilous [Quercus] woods

+

+

!41.742

Dalmatian thermophile turkey oak-sessile oak woods

+

+

!41.7421

Dalmatian [Quercus cerris] woods

+

+

!41.7422

Dalmatian [Quercus petraea] woods

+

+

!41.761

Helleno-Moesian<Quercus cerris> woods

+

+

!41.762

Helleno-Moesian<Quercus frainetto> woods

+

+

!41.763

Helleno-Moesian<Quercus daleachampii>woods

+

+

!41.7641

Helleno-Moesian<Quercus petrea>woods

+

+

!41.765

Helleno-Moesian<Quercus virgiliana>woods

+

+

!41.766

Helleno-Moesian<Quercus pedunculiflora>woods

+

+

!41.767

Helleno-Moesian <Quercus polycarpa> forests

+

+

!41.78

[Quercus trojana] woodland

+

+

!41.781

Helleno-Balkanic Trojan oak woods

+

+

!41.7A12

Pannonic turkey oak-sessile oak woods

+

+

!41.7A13

Pannonic hairy greenweed sessile oak woods

+

+

!41.7A2133

Voivodinian sand steppe oak woods

+

+

!41.8

Mixed thermophilous forests

+

+

!41.81

Hop-hornbeam woods

+

+

!41.812

Supra-Mediterranean hop-hornbeam woods

+

+

!41.8123

Eastern Adriatic supra-Mediterranean hop-hornbeam woods

+

+

!41.82

Oriental hornbeam woods

+

+

!41.822

Helleno-Balkanic oriental hornbeam woods

+

+

!41.8222

Moesian oriental hornbeam woods

+

+

!41.8223

Lilac oriental hornbeam woods

+

+

!41.8225

Eastern Adriatic oriental hornbeam woods

+

+

!41.834

Moesian thermophilous maple woods

+

+

!41.84

Thermophilous [Tilia] woods

+

+

!41.85

[Celtis australis] woods

+

+

!41.863

Manna tree woods

+

+

!41.87

Pannonic [Juniperus] - [Populus] steppe woods

+

+

!41.88

Sub-Mediterranean and Pannonic mixed woods

+

+

!41.891

Western Asian wild fruit tree steppe woods

+

+

42.

TEMPERATE CONIFEROUS FORESTS

!42.16

South Balcan silver fir forest

+

+

!42.17

Balkano-Pontic fir forest

+

+

42,2

Western Palaearctic orogenous spruce forests

+

+

42,24

Sub-Mediterranean Norway spruce forests

+

+

!42.243

Montenegrine spruce forest  

+

+

!42.244

Paeonician spruce forest

+

+

!42.245

Balkan Range spruce forest

+

+

!42.27

Omorike  spruce forest<Picea omorika>

+

+

42.5 

Western Palaearctic Scots pine forests

+

+

!42.5C

South-eastern European Scots pine forests

+

+

!42.5C6

Dinaric calcicole Scots pine forests 

+

+

!42.6

Black pine forests

+

+

!42.62

Western Balkan Pinus nigra forests

+

+

!42.621

Dinaro-Pelagonian Pinus nigra forests

+

+

!42.6215

Illyrian submediterranean Pinus nigra forests

+

+

!42.66

Banat and Pallas pine forest

+

+

!42.7

High oro-mediterranean pine forests   

+

+

!42.71

White-barked pine [Pinus leucodermis] forests

+

+

!42.715

South Dinaric white-barked pine forests

+

+

!42.72

Macedonian pine [Pinus peuce] woods

+

+

!42.722

Southern Dinaric Macedonian pine woods

+

+

44

TEMPERATE RIVERINE AND SWAMP FORESTS AND BRUSH

!44.1

Riparian willow formations

+

+

!44.11

Orogenous riverine brush

+

+

!44.12

Lowland and collinar riverine [Salix] scrub

+

+

!44.13

Middle European [Salix alba] forests

+

+

!44.121

Almond willow-osier scrub

+

+

!44.123

Balkan riverine willow scrub

+

+

!44.14

Mediterranean tall [Salix] galleries

+

+

!44.161

Pannonic willow galleries

+

+

!44.141

Mediterranean white willow galleries

+

+

!44.1412

Eumediterranean white and crack willow galleries

+

+

!44.2

Boreo-alpine riparian galleries

+

+

!44.21

Montane grey alder galleries

+

+

!44.215

Montenegrine grey alder galleries

+

+

!44.24

Boreal black alder galleries

+

+

!44.3

Middle European stream ash‑alder woods

+

+

!44.31

[Fraxinus] - [Alnus] woods of rivulets and springs

+

+

!44.32

[Fraxinus] - [Alnus] woods of fast-flowing rivers

+

+

!44.33

[Fraxinus] - [Alnus] woods of slow rivers

+

+

44,4

Mixed oak-elm-ash forests of great rivers

+

+

!44.43

South-east European ash-oak-alder forests

+

+

!44.432

Helleno-Balkanic ash-oak-alder forests

+

+

!44.4325

Montenegrine ash-oak-alder forests

+

+

!44.5

Southern alder and birch galleries

+

+

!44.51

Southern black alder galleries

+

+

!44.8

Southern riparian galleries and thickets

+

+

!44.81

[Nerium oleander] [Vitex agnus-castus] and [Tamarix] galleries

+

+

!44.812

Chaste tree thickets

+

+

!44.813

Mediterraneo-Macaronesian tamarisk thickets

+

+

44,9

Alder, willow, oak, aspen swamp woods

+

+

44,914

Steppe swamp alder woods

+

+

!44.9141

Pannonic swamp alder-ash woods

+

+

! 45.

TEMPERATE BROAD‑LEAVED EVERGREEN FORESTS

+

+

45.11

Wild olive woodland

+

?

45.12

Carob woodland

+

?

45,3

Holm-oak forests

+

+

45.319

Illyrian holm-oak woodland

+

+

45,4

Kermes oak forests

+

+

45,5

Eurasian continental lauriphyllous forests

+

+

45,51

Mediterraneo-Atlantic laurel-oak woodland

+

+

  5.

BOGS AND MARSHES

51.

RAISED BOGS

!51.1

Near‑natural raised bogs

+

+

!51.13

Bog pools

+

+

!51.131

Bog eye (kolk)

+

+

53.

WATER-FRINGE VEGETATION

!53.3

Fen-sedge beds

+

+

!53.31

Fen [Cladium mariscus] beds

+

+

!53.33

Riparian [Cladium] beds

+

+

54.

FENS, TRANSITION MIRES AND SPRINGS

54,1

Springs

+

+

!54.12

Hard water springs

+

+

!54.2

Rich fens

+

+

!54.21

Tall herb fens

+

+

!54.22

[Schoenus ferrugineus] fens

+

+

!54.25

[Carex dioica], [Carex pulicaris] and [Carex flava] fens

+

+

!54.26

[Carex nigra] alkaline fens

+

+

!54.214 

Illyrian black bogrush fens

+

+

!54.23

Subcontinental Davall sedge fens

+

+

!54.236

Dinaric carnation-tawny sedge fens

+

+

!54.2F

Middle European flat sedge fens

+

+

!54.3

Arcto-alpine riverian swards

+

+

54,4

Acidic fens

+

+

54,42

Black-white-star sedge fens

+

+

!54.426

Peri-Danubian black-white-star sedge fens     

+

+

!54.4262

Dinaric black-star sedge acidic fens   

+

+

!54.4263

Rhodopide black-star sedge acidic fens

+

+

!54.4265

Balkanic black-star sedge fens

+

+

!54.4266

Moeso-Macedonian black-star sedge fens

+

+

!54.5

Transition mires

+

+

!54.51

Slender-sedge swards

+

+

!54.513

Brown moss-sphagnum slender-sedge swards

+

+

!54.52

[Carex diandra] quaking mires

+

+

!54.53

Bottle sedge quaking mires

+

+

!54.532

Basicline bottle sedge quaking mires

+

+

!54.5321

Basicline sphagnum-bottle sedge quaking mires

+

+

!54.54 

[Carex limosa] swards

+

+

!54.57

[Rhynchospora alba] quaking bogs

+

+

!54.58

Sphagnum and cottongrass rafts

+

+

!64

INLAND SAND DUNES

!64.711

Pannonic bare sands

+

+

!64.712

Pannonic dune lichen communities

+

+

!64.713

Pannonic dune pioneer grasslands

+

+

!64.714

Pannonic dune open grasslands

+

+

!64.715

Pannonic dune closed grasslands

+

+

!64.716

Pannonic dune thickets and scrubs

+

+

!64.717

Pannonic dune woods

+

+

6.

INLAND ROCKS, SCREES AND SANDS

!65.

Caves

+

+

!65.4

Troglobiont invertebrate caves

+

+

!65.5

Troglophile invertebrate caves

+

+

!65.6

Subtroglophile invertebrate caves

+

+

!93

WOODED STEPPE

+

+


Annex 2

List of endangered species requiring specific conservation measures in Serbia and Montenegro

Total Serbia&Mon

Serbia

Montenegro

Common S&M

SPECIES

199

159

154

111

VERTEBRATES/VERTÉBRÉS

Mammals/Mammifères

CHIROPTERA

Rhinolophidae

+

+

+

Rhinolophus blasii

+

+

+

+

Rhinolophus euryale

+

+

+

+

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

+

+

+

+

Rhinolophus hipposideros

+

+

+

+

Rhinolophus mehelyi

+

Vespertilionidae

+

+

Barbastella barbastellus

+

+

+

Miniopterus schreibersi

+

+

+

+

Myotis bechsteini

+

+

+

+

Myotis blythii

+

+

+

+

Myotis capaccinii

+

+

+

+

Myotis dasycneme

+

+

+

+

Myotis emarginatus

+

+

+

+

Myotis myotis

+

RODENTIA

Sciuridae

+

+

+

Spermophilus citellus (Citellus citellus)#

+

Castoridae

+

+

Castor fiber  # 1,  2

CARNIVORA

Canidae

+

+

+

Ursidae

+

+

+

Ursus arctos # 1

+

Mustelidae

+

+

Lutra lutra #

+

+

Mustela lutreola

Felidae

+

+

+

Lynx lynx # 1

+

Phocidae

+

+

Monachus monachus

Birds/Oiseaux

GAVIIFORMES

Gaviidae

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Gavia stellata

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Gavia arctica

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Gavia immer

PODICIPEDIFORMES

Podicipedidae

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Podiceps auritus

PROCELLARIIFORMES

Hydrobatidae

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Hydrobates pelagicus

Procellariidae

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Calonectris diomedea

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Puffinus yelkouan yelkouan

PELECANIFORMES

Phalacrocoracidae

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Phalacrocorax pygmaeus

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PELICANIFORMES

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Pelicanus crispus

CICONIIFORMES